Jayda Fransen

Last updated

Fransen stood as Britain First's first parliamentary candidate for the Rochester and Strood by-election on 20 November 2014, during which she expressed sympathy for the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and its candidate Mark Reckless (a Conservative MP who had switched allegiances to UKIP), who went on to win the seat. [17]

Britain First's campaign for the by-election drew attention when the party uploaded a photo of Fransen together with local activists from UKIP, who responded by saying that the activists were not aware of the implications of the photograph, while Fransen said that the UKIP activists asked for the photo and that she was under the impression that there were strong similarities between the two parties. [18] The BBC presenter Nick Robinson was also criticised for his selfie with Fransen during the by-election. Robinson said he did not know who Fransen was and denied supporting her policies. [19]

London mayoral and Assembly elections, 2016

On 27 September 2015, Paul Golding announced that he would stand as a candidate in the 2016 London mayoral election. In a Facebook post on the decision, Fransen wrote that the party's "pro-EU, Islamist-loving opponents" will "face the wrath of the Britain First movement ... We will not rest until every traitor is punished for their crimes against our country. And by punished, I mean good old fashioned British justice at the end of a rope!" [20] Golding turned his back on the podium when the election of Sadiq Khan as mayor was announced; and neither Golding nor Fransen was successful as a candidate in the London Assembly election, held simultaneously to the mayoral election. [21]

British Freedom Party

In January 2021, Fransen said she would stand for the Glasgow Southside seat, held by Nicola Sturgeon, in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election. [22] Fransen and Sturgeon had a tense confrontation outside a polling station on election day. [23] Fransen received 46 votes (0.1%), coming last. [24] She also received the fewest votes among the 357 constituency candidates in the election. [25]

2021 Batley and Spen by-election

The 2021 Batley and Spen by-election followed the resignation of Tracy Brabin after she was elected as Mayor of West Yorkshire. [26] Fransen came second to last with 50 votes. [27]

2022 Southend West by-election

After the murder of the Conservative MP David Amess in October 2021, Fransen said she would be running for the vacancy in Southend West for the British Freedom Party. All major parties in the UK apart from the Conservatives had already announced that they would refrain from nominating a candidate in order to avoid exploitation of the murder. [28] She received 299 votes, 2% of the total vote. As with her campaign in the 2021 Batley and Spen by-election, she was recorded as an independent candidate and not a representative of the British Freedom Party. [29]

2022 Wakefield by-election

In June 2022, standing as an independent, she received 23 votes (0.1%) in the Wakefield by-election, the lowest of 15 candidates. [30]

2016 conviction and arrest

After one of Britain First's "Christian patrols" in Luton, in November 2016, Fransen was convicted of religiously aggravated harassment and ordered to pay a fine of £1,000 after she harassed a Muslim mother of four who was wearing a hijab. She was also fined £200 for breaching the Public Order Act 1936 by wearing a political uniform and ordered to pay £620 in costs (including a £100 victim surcharge), and issued with a two-year restraining order to prevent her from contacting the victim or engaging in intimidating behaviour towards her. Fransen had denied all charges, accusing the courts of being "absurd", and engaging in "a really clear display of Islamic appeasement". [31]

2017 arrests and conviction

In September 2017, Fransen was arrested with Golding and charged with religious harassment. They were bailed and ordered to appear before Medway magistrates on 17 October 2017. Their arrests followed an investigation by Kent Police into the distribution of leaflets in the Thanet and Canterbury areas, and the posting of online videos during a trial at Canterbury Crown Court in May 2017. [32] On 14 October 2017, following a broadcast on Radio Aryan, Fransen was re-arrested and detained overnight at a protest in Sunderland for breaking the terms of her bail. [33] On 17 October 2017, after Fransen and Golding pleaded not guilty before Medway magistrates, their case was adjourned until a hearing at Folkestone Magistrates' Court on 29 January 2018 and they were both ordered to report weekly at Bromley Police Station. [34]

On 18 November 2017, Fransen was arrested in London by detectives from the Police Service of Northern Ireland in relation to a speech she had made at a rally outside Belfast City Hall on 6 August. [35] She was charged with employing "threatening, abusive or insulting words or behaviour" under the Public Order (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 and on 14 December appeared at Belfast Magistrates' Court, where she pleaded not guilty. [36] Fransen was immediately re-arrested outside the court and charged the following day over anti-Islamic comments posted online in a video filmed on 13 December at a peace wall separating Catholic and Protestant communities in West Belfast; she was ordered to appear in court on 9 January 2018 and released on bail, subject to an exclusion order from all processions and demonstrations in Northern Ireland. [37]

On 29 March 2019, Fransen was convicted of stirring up hatred at the Belfast rally and for separate comments at a peace wall. The other defendants Paul Golding, John Banks and Paul Rimmer, were acquitted on similar charges. Fransen was sentenced to 180 hours community service. [38]

2018 conviction

On 7 March 2018, Fransen and Golding were found guilty of religiously aggravated harassment at Folkestone magistrates' court, as a result of an investigation concerning the distribution of leaflets in 2017 in the Thanet and Canterbury areas. The pair were convicted over an incident at a takeaway in Ramsgate, Kent, during which Fransen screamed "paedophile" and "foreigner", while Fransen was also convicted for approaching an address she believed to belong to a Muslim defendant on a rape trial. They were both sentenced to prison, with 36 weeks for Fransen and 18 weeks for Golding. [39]

Kent Police released mugshots of Fransen and Golding, taken when they were originally in custody, because of "the nature of the offences committed and the impact they had on the wider community". The usual procedure is that only offenders sentenced to a year or more in custody have their mugshots released. [40]

Following her release, Jayda left Britain First and formed the British Freedom Party, following an admission by Paul Golding that he attacked Fransen. [41]

Donald Trump retweets and Twitter suspension

On 29 November 2017, President of the United States Donald Trump caused controversy when he retweeted three anti-Muslim videos shared by Fransen on her Twitter account. [42] She responded on Twitter in capital letters, "The President of the United States, Donald Trump, has retweeted three of Deputy Leader Jayda Fransen’s Twitter videos! Donald Trump himself has retweeted these videos and has around 44 million followers! God bless you Trump! God bless America!" [7] [43] Fransen later posted a video of herself requesting Trump to assist her in a forthcoming court case in Belfast. [44] She is reported as saying, "The leader of the free world has signified his disgust at an elected leader being arrested and possibly facing two years in prison over an Islamic blasphemy law. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have laws where you can't speak out about Islam. The UK doesn't." [7] Describing herself on her Twitter account as "faithful to God and Britannia", she had made over 15,000 tweets since opening the account in mid-2016. [7] [45] One of the videos (titled "Muslim migrant beats up Dutch boy on crutches!") purported to show an assault by a Muslim immigrant. According to the Dutch embassy in the US, the teenage perpetrator was "born and raised in the Netherlands"; and the embassy later confirmed that he was not Muslim. [46] Another video ("Muslim Destroys a Statue of Virgin Mary!") was filmed during the Syrian civil war in 2013 and showed a man, who is believed to be an Al-Nusra supporter, destroying a statue of Mary. The third video ("Islamist mob pushes teenage boy off roof and beats him to death!") contained footage in Alexandria, Egypt during a period of violent unrest following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état: it showed supporters of the deposed president Mohamed Morsi attacking one of his critics. [47]

Prime Minister Theresa May condemned Trump's retweets of the anti-Muslim videos, stating that "it is wrong for the president to have done this", and, "Britain First seeks to divide communities through their use of hateful narratives which peddle lies and stoke tensions". [48]

On 18 December 2017, Twitter permanently suspended the accounts of Fransen and Golding, together with the official account of Britain First, as part of its general policy towards any groups which glorify violence or use hate-inciting imagery to fulfill their goals. The company's stated aim in enforcing such bans was to "reduce the amount of abusive behaviour and hateful conduct" on the web. Permanent suspension of an account would result whenever the profile contained "a violent threat or multiple slurs, epithets, racist or sexist tropes, incite[d] fear, or reduce[d] someone to less than human". The three retweets by Trump have been removed as a consequence of Fransen's ban. [49] As a result of the ban, Fransen and Golding joined the Gab social networking service, and urged their followers to do likewise. [50]

Electoral history

Westminster by-elections

Jayda Fransen
Leader of Britain First
Acting
December 2016 June 2017
Date of electionConstituencyPartyVotes %Source(s)
20 November 2014 Rochester and Strood Britain First 560.1 [2]
1 July 2021 Batley and Spen Independent 500.13 [51]
3 February 2022 Southend West Independent 2292.0 [29]
23 June 2022 Wakefield Independent 230.1 [30]

Scottish Parliament elections

2021 Scottish Parliament election

Date of electionConstituencyPartyVotes %Source(s)
6 May 2021 Glasgow Southside Independent460.1 [52]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UK Independence Party</span> British political party

The UK Independence Party is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of parliament and was the largest party representing the UK in the European Parliament. UKIP's visibility and success was chiefly associated with two-time leader Nigel Farage; since his second departure in 2016, the party has seen a steep decline in support and eleven different leaders, the most recent being Lois Perry who resigned after just 34 days. Following Perry’s resignation, the party has been led in the interim by Nick Tenconi since June 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigel Farage</span> British politician and broadcaster (born 1964)

Nigel Paul Farage is a British politician and broadcaster who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Clacton and the Leader of Reform UK since 3 July 2024, having previously been its leader from 2019 to 2021 when it was called the Brexit Party. He also was the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009, and 2010 to 2016. Farage served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 1999 until the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (EU) in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piers Morgan</span> British journalist and television host (born 1965)

Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan is an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and media personality. He began his career in 1988 at the tabloid The Sun. In 1994, at the age of 29, he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch, which made him the youngest editor of a British national newspaper in more than half a century. From 1995, Morgan edited the Daily Mirror, but was fired in 2004. He was the editorial director of First News from 2006 to 2007. In 2014, Morgan became the first editor-at-large of the MailOnline website's US operation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerard Batten</span> Former leader of the UK Independence Party

Gerard Joseph Batten is a British politician who served as the Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2018 to 2019. He was a founding member of the party in 1993, and served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for London from 2004 to 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katie Hopkins</span> English media personality (born 1975)

Katie Olivia Hopkins is an English media personality, far-right political commentator, conspiracy theorist, and former columnist and businesswoman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Nuttall</span> British politician

Paul Andrew Nuttall is a British politician who served as Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2016 to 2017. He was elected to the European Parliament in 2009 as a UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate, and served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North West England between 2009 and 2019, sitting in the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy group. He left UKIP in December 2018, criticising the party's association with far-right activist Tommy Robinson, and joined the Brexit Party in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tommy Robinson (activist)</span> British far-right activist (born 1982)

Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon, better known as Tommy Robinson, is a British anti-Islam campaigner and activist. He was a political advisor to former UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Gerard Batten, and one of the UK's most prominent far-right activists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Britain First</span> British fascist political party

Britain First is a far-right, British fascist and neo-fascist political party and hate group formed in 2011 by former members of the British National Party (BNP). The group was founded by Jim Dowson, an anti-abortion and far-right campaigner. The organisation's co-leaders are former BNP councillor Paul Golding and Ashlea Simon. Jayda Fransen formerly served as its deputy leader.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 United Kingdom general election</span>

The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 7 May 2015 to elect 650 Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons. It was the first of three general elections to be held under the rules of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 and was the last general election to be held before the United Kingdom voted to end its membership of the European Union (EU) in June 2016. Local elections took place in most areas of England on the same day and is to date the most recent general election to coincide with local elections. The governing Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister David Cameron, won an unexpected victory; opinion polls and political commentators had predicted that the results of the election would cause a second consecutive hung parliament whose composition would be similar to the previous Parliament, which was in effect from the previous national election in 2010. However, opinion polls underestimated the Conservatives, as they won 330 of the 650 seats and 36.9 per cent of the votes, giving them a majority of ten seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Rochester and Strood by-election</span> Kent By-election

A by-election was held on 20 November 2014 for the UK parliamentary constituency of Rochester and Strood in Kent, England. The sitting Member of Parliament (MP) Mark Reckless called it on joining the UK Independence Party (UKIP), from the Conservatives. He resigned his seat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Golding</span> Political party leader of Britain First (born 1982)

Paul Golding is a British political leader who has served as the leader of Britain First, a far-right political party in the United Kingdom. He grew up in Erith.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Marie Waters</span> Far-right politician in the UK

Anne Marie Dorothy Waters is a far-right politician and activist in the United Kingdom. She founded and led the anti-Islam party For Britain until its dissolution in 2022. She is also the director of Sharia Watch UK, an organisation launched in April 2014. In January 2016, Waters launched Pegida UK in conjunction with activist Tommy Robinson and far-right politician Paul Weston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election</span> United Kingdom independence party (UKIP) leadership election

The September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election was triggered after Nigel Farage, the leader of the UK Independence Party, announced on 4 July 2016, following the Leave result in the UK referendum on EU membership, that he would step down when a new leader had been elected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Joseph Watson</span> English YouTuber, radio host, and conspiracy theorist

Paul Joseph Watson is a British right-wing YouTuber, radio host, and conspiracy theorist. Until July 2016, Watson embraced the label "alt-right", but he now identifies as part of the New Right. In May 2019, Facebook and Instagram permanently banned Watson for violation of hate speech policies.

The November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election took place following the announcement on 4 October 2016 by Diane James, the leader-elect of the UK Independence Party, that she would not accept the leadership of the party, despite winning the leadership election 18 days earlier. Nigel Farage, whom James was to succeed after the previous leadership election following his resignation, was selected the next day to serve as interim leader.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raheem Kassam</span> British political activist

Raheem J. Kassam is a British political activist, former editor-in-chief of Breitbart News London, and former chief adviser to former UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage. He has been described as far-right and right-wing by several media publications. Kassam formerly ran in the party's November 2016 leadership election before dropping out of the race on 31 October 2016. He is the former global editor-in-chief of Human Events and most recently became the editor-in-chief of The National Pulse.

Donald Trump's use of social media attracted attention worldwide since he joined Twitter in May 2009. Over nearly twelve years, Trump tweeted around 57,000 times, including about 8,000 times during the 2016 election campaign and over 25,000 times during his presidency. The White House said the tweets should be considered official statements. When Twitter banned Trump from the platform in January 2021 during the final days of his term, his handle @realDonaldTrump had over 88.9 million followers. On November 19, 2022, Twitter's new owner, Elon Musk, reinstated his account, although Trump has stated he will not use it in favor of his own social media platform, Truth Social. The first tweet since 2021 was made in August 2023 about his mugshot from Fulton County Jail, but the account has since remained inactive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Posobiec</span> American conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist

Jack Michael Posobiec III is an American alt-right political activist, television correspondent and presenter, conspiracy theorist, and former United States Navy intelligence officer.

A by-election was held on 3 February 2022 in the parliamentary constituency of Southend West following the murder of the Conservative MP Sir David Amess on 15 October 2021. Amess had been the MP for the constituency since 1997, and previously represented the nearby seat of Basildon from 1983 to 1997. Similarly to the 2016 Batley and Spen by-election—held after Labour MP Jo Cox was murdered—the major opposition parties declined to stand out of respect for Amess. The Conservative candidate Anna Firth won the by-election with 86% of the vote, with a turnout of 24%. No other candidate reached the 5% threshold to save their election deposit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Jayda FRANSEN". Companies Gouse. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  2. 1 2 Rochester and Strood Constituency Parliamentary By-Election 20 November 2014 Result of Poll. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  3. We Want Our Country Back, 3:30: "Jayda told me she used to be part of the EDL, but left because of their reputation for drink-fuelled violence."
  4. White, Brian J. (29 November 2017). "Who is Jayda Fransen, the combative far-right street protester retweeted by Trump?". The Boston Globe . Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  5. 1 2 Bienkov, Adam (19 June 2014). "Britain First: The violent new face of British fascism". Politics. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
    - Foxton, Willard (4 November 2014). "The loathsome Britain First are trying to hijack the poppy – don't let them". The Daily Telegraph .
    - Sabin, Lamiat (25 October 2014). "'Fascist' group Britain First to start 'direct action' on Mail and Sun journalists over Lynda Bellingham post". The Independent .
  6. Price, Chris. "Former Britain First deputy leader Jayda Fransen quits the party". KentOnline. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
    - "East London Mosque And Muslim Aid Donate 10 Tonnes Of Food To Homeless". HuffPost . 18 December 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Mendick, Robert (29 November 2017). "Deputy leader of far-Right group Jayda Fransen gleefully wages a one-woman Twitter war against Islam". The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  8. York, Chris (2 November 2016). "Jayda Fransen Trial Hears Britain First Deputy Leader 'Abused Muslim Woman'". HuffPost . Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  9. "Britain First leader and deputy leader jailed for hate crimes". BBC News . 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  10. Dearden, Lizzie (28 July 2014). "Britain First founder Jim Dowson quits over mosque invasions and". The Independent .
  11. "Britain First deputy leader guilty of hurling abuse at Muslim woman". London Evening Standard. 3 November 2016.
  12. "Ex-Britain First leader Paul Golding jailed over mosque ban", BBC News, 15 December 2016
  13. Gable, Gerry (1 December 2016). "More questions than answers: a Searchlight investigation". Searchlight . Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  14. "Britain First deputy leader quits". Kent Online. 19 January 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  15. Carter, Alexander J. (2019). Cumulative Extremism: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Routledge. ISBN   9780429594526 via Google Books.
  16. "Britain First: Jayda Fransen accuses Paul Golding of violent abuse". This Is Local London. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  17. Helm, Toby; Cowburn, Ashley (15 November 2014). "We will lose Rochester and Strood byelection, admits senior Conservative". The Guardian .
    - Hope, Christopher (21 November 2014). "Mark Reckless wins Rochester by-election for Ukip with 2,900 majority". The Daily Telegraph .
  18. Dearden, Lizzie (28 October 2014). "Britain First accuses Ukip of 'playing political game' with snub over Rochester photo". The Independent . Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  19. Swinford, Steven (21 November 2014). "Nick Robinson apologises for Britain First 'selfie'". The Daily Telegraph .
  20. York, Chris (27 September 2015). "Britain First's Paul Golding To Stand in London Mayoral Election". HuffPost . Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  21. York, Chris (6 May 2016). "Britain First's Terrible London Election Results Celebrated By Paul Golding And Jayda Fransen". HuffPost . Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  22. Brown, Annie (23 January 2021). "Far-right bigot who targeted Humza Yousaf launches doomed bid to become MSP". Daily Record. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  23. "Sturgeon calls out 'fascist' candidate in tense confrontation". BBC News. 6 May 2021.
  24. "Glasgow Southside - Scottish Parliament constituency". BBC News.
  25. Sim, Philip [@BBCPhilipSim] (9 May 2021). "Picking over the numbers - this was the fewest votes polled by any candidate on the constituency ballot. If Scotland was one big constituency she would have been placed 357th out of 357" (Tweet). Retrieved 11 May 2021 via Twitter.
  26. "The accidental by-election: How Labour triggered another divisive vote for the people of Batley and Spen". Sky News. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  27. Grace Hammond (2 July 2021). "Batley and Spen by-election results: Kim Leadbeater wins seat for Labour with narrow majority of 323 over Conservatives". The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  28. "Sir David Amess replacement must be from area, insist Southend Tories". BBC News. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  29. 1 2 "Election Results Southend West by-election 2022". Southend-on-Sea Borough Council. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  30. 1 2 "By election results 2022". Wakefield Council. 24 June 2022.
  31. Press Association (3 November 2016). "Deputy leader of Britain First guilty over verbal abuse of Muslim woman". The Guardian .
    - Cobain, Ian (4 November 2016). "RE teacher who posted Islamophobic comments struck off". The Guardian .
  32. "Britain First leaders charged with religious harassment". BBC News. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  33. "Jayda Fransen, Britain First Deputy Leader, Arrested in Sunderland After Neo-Nazi Radio Appearance". HuffPost . 15 October 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  34. "Britain First changes plans for rally in Bromley". Halesowen News. 3 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  35. D'Arcy, Scott (19 November 2017). "Jayda Fransen: Deputy leader of far-right group Britain First arrested over speech in Belfast". The Independent. Press Association. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  36. "Britain First deputy leader Jayda Fransen charged". BBC News . 19 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  37. "Britain First's Jayda Fransen appears in Belfast court". BBC News . 15 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
    - "Britain First deputy head Jayda Fransen released on bail over comments on Islam". The Belfast Telegraph . 15 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. "Jayda Fransen: Ex-Britain First deputy leader convicted over hate speech". BBC News. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
    - "Jayda Fransen sentenced over Belfast Islam speech". BBC News. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  39. "Britain First leaders jailed over anti-Muslim hate crimes". The Guardian . 7 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  40. Lizzie Dearden (9 March 2018). "Britain First leaders jailed: Police release mugshots of Jayda Fransen and Paul Golding because of impact on community". The Independent. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  41. Colin Drury (29 May 2019). "Britain First leader Paul Golding admits attacking deputy Jayda Fransen in secret recording". The Independent. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
    - Matthew Collins (19 September 2020). "Griffin's modest return will be anything but humble". Hope not Hate. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  42. "Trump Twitter account retweets incendiary videos". BBC News . 29 November 2017.
  43. Dearden, Lizzie (29 November 2017). "Donald Trump retweets Britain First deputy leader's Islamophobic posts". The Independent. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  44. "Far-right hatemongers cheer Trump's Twitter endorsement". The Guardian . 30 November 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  45. Ashley Parker & John Wagner, Trump retweets inflammatory and unverified anti-Muslim videos Archived 29 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine , Washington Post, 29 November 2017.
  46. "Videos tweeted by Trump: where are they from and what do they really show?". The Guardian . 30 November 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
    - "How Trump uses Twitter storms to make the political weather". The Guardian . 2 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  47. Lawless, Jill (29 November 2017). "Trump's Muslim retweets draw fire from US and abroad". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    - Harrison, Angus (29 November 2017). "The Truth Behind Those Anti-Muslim Videos Donald Trump Just Retweeted". Vice . Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
    - Staff writer (29 November 2017). "Trump account retweets anti-Muslim videos". BBC News . Retrieved 29 November 2017.
    -"The murky origins of the ‘Britain First’ videos Trump retweeted", The Washington Post, 29 November 2017.
  48. Smith, Saphora (30 November 2017). "British PM May issues rare rebuke of Trump for retweeting anti-Muslim videos". NBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    - Masters, James; Landers, Elizabeth (29 November 2017). "Trump retweets anti-Muslim videos". CNN . Archived from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  49. "Twitter suspends Britain First leaders". BBC News . 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
    "Twitter bans Britain First leaders after anti-Muslim videos shared by Donald Trump". The Daily Telegraph . 18 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
    "Britain First's Jayda Fransen And Paul Golding Suspended From Twitter Amid Crackdown On 'Hateful Conduct'". HuffPost . 18 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  50. Sarah Marsh, "Britain First signs up to fringe social media site after Twitter ban", The Guardian, 20 December 2017.
  51. "Batley and Spen by election 2021 - the results". July 2021.
  52. "Notice of Election Agents". Constituency Returning Officer, Glasgow. 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.