Jazz dance

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Jazz dance is a performance dance and style that arose in the United States in the early 20th century. [1] [2] Jazz dance may allude to vernacular jazz, Broadway or dramatic jazz. The two types expand on African American vernacular styles of dance that arose with jazz music. Vernacular jazz dance incorporates ragtime moves, Charleston, Lindy hop and mambo. Popular vernacular jazz dance performers include The Whitman Sisters, Florence Mills, Ethel Waters, Al Minns and Leon James, Frankie Manning, Norma Miller, Dawn Hampton, and Katherine Dunham. Dramatic jazz dance performed on the show stage was promoted by Jack Cole, Bob Fosse, Eugene Louis Faccuito, and Gus Giordano.

Contents

The term 'jazz dance' has been used in ways that have little or nothing to do with jazz music. Since the 1940s, Hollywood movies and Broadway shows have used the term to describe the choreographies of Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins. In the 1990s, colleges and universities applied to the term to classes offered by physical education departments in which students dance to various forms of pop music, rarely jazz. [3]

Swing dancing

A couple dances the Charleston. Basic Charleston.png
A couple dances the Charleston.

In 1917, jazz pianist Spencer Williams wrote a song called "Shim-Me-Sha-Wabble" which inspired a jazz dance called the shimmy. The shimmy is done by holding the body still "except for the shoulders, which are quickly alternated back and forth". The dances that emerged during this period were the Charleston and the Lindy hop.The Charleston is "characterized by its toes-in, heels-out twisting steps". [4] It can be done as a solo or with any number of people.

The Lindy hop was a wild and spontaneous partner dance that was extremely rhythmically conscious. When the Great Depression began in October 1929, many people turned to dance. Because of this, the Aubrielle and the Lindy hop are now considered to be under the umbrella term "swing dance stylized, continuously flowing movements that developed the technique and style for the combinations that followed". [1] Cole's style has been called hip, hard, and cool". [5] Fosse combined "vaudeville, striptease, magic shows, nightclubs, film and Broadway musicals". [6]

The Charleston

The introduction of “The Charleston” in the 1920s evolved Jazz Dance because it could be done alone. At the time, ballroom dance was the norm and required the accompaniment of a partner. The Charleston incorporated hand clapping, broad movements, and foot stamping, which were directly linked to the African origins of The Juba, a dance that originated from the Kongo. [7]

Pop music and television

Alvin Ailey Dance Theater Alvin Ailey - Revelations.jpg
Alvin Ailey Dance Theater

Contemporary jazz became well known because of its television shows unlike So You Think You Can Dance . Mia Michaels's earlier work exemplifies this style. Some other companies and choreographers that create contemporary jazz dance are Sonya Tayeh, Mandy Moore, and Hubbard Street Dance Chicago. Commercial jazz, which has been popular since the 1980s, combines aspects of hip hop and jazz and is often done to pop music. This style can be seen in the music videos of Janet Jackson and Paula Abdul. Commercial jazz often includes more "tricks." Commercial jazz and contemporary jazz are both seen at dance competitions. Another variety of jazz is Latin jazz. "Maria Torres developed and popularized the fusion at Broadway Dance Center". [8] Latin jazz has an emphasis on the movement of hips and isolations. It can be seen in the films El Cantante and Dance with Me, as well as on TV dance shows.

Dancers, directors, choreographers

See also

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Ryan Francois is a swing dancer, choreographer and actor, who played a central part of the revival of the Lindy Hop . Specialising in dances related to the Jazz & Swing era - including the Lindy Hop, Charleston, Tap and Authentic Vernacular Jazz, Ryan has over 30 years dance experience.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Mahoney, Billie (1998). "Jazz Dance". The International Encyclopedia of Dance. Oxford University Press.
  2. Wren, Celia (11 November 2023). "'The Jazz Continuum' explores Black social dance — from past to present - Choreographer LaTasha Barnes celebrates the decades-spanning ties between manifestations of Black artistry in music and dance". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  3. Gabbard, Krin (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 172. ISBN   1-56159-284-6.
  4. "Charleston | dance". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  5. Levine, Debra. "Jack Cole" (PDF). Dance Heritage Coalition. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  6. Clayton, Audrey. "How Jazz Works". www.howjazzworks.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  7. Parkhatskaya, Ksenia (23 August 2020). "The history of the Charleston dance".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. "The Jazz Breakdown". Dance Spirit. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  9. "100 Treasures - Jack Cole". www.danceheritage.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  10. Nelson, Valerie J. (15 September 2009). "Patrick Swayze dies at 57; star of the blockbuster films 'Dirty Dancing' and 'Ghost'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.

Bibliography