Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992,when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor was the first President democratically elected after the end of the Brazilian military dictatorship. He became the youngest president in Brazilian history,taking office at the age of 40. After he resigned from the presidency,the impeachment trial on charges of corruption continued. Collor was found guilty by the Senate and disqualified from holding elected office for eight years (1992–2000). He was later acquitted of ordinary criminal charges in his judicial trial before Brazil's Supreme Federal Court,for lack of valid evidence.
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.,better known by and trading as the portmanteau Petrobras,is a state-owned Brazilian multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petroleum Corporation —Petrobras.
The Social Christian Party was a Christian-conservative political party in Brazil.
Odebrecht S.A.,officially known as Novonor,is a Brazilian conglomerate,headquartered in Salvador,Bahia,Brazil,consisting of diversified businesses in the fields of engineering,construction,chemicals and petrochemicals. The company was founded in 1944 in Salvador by Norberto Odebrecht,and is active in the Americas,the Caribbean,Africa,Europe and the Middle East. Its leading company is Norberto Odebrecht Construtora.
Dilma Vana Rousseff is a Brazilian economist and politician who is the Chair of the New Development Bank since March 2023. Previously,she served as the 36th president of Brazil from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016. She is the first woman to have held the Brazilian presidency. She also previously served as the chief of staff to former and current president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from 2005 to 2010.
Matthew Phillip Prater is an American football placekicker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Regarded as one of the best long distance kickers in NFL history,he held the NFL record for longest field goal from 2013 until 2021 and holds the NFL record for most 50+ yard field goals in a career,80 as of 2023.
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia is a Brazilian politician,lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 31 December 2018. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff. He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016,when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial.
The 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 27 November 2011 at the Autódromo JoséCarlos Pace,Interlagos,in São Paulo,Brazil. It was the nineteenth and final round of the 2011 Formula One season. The 71-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing driver Mark Webber taking his only win of the season. Sebastian Vettel,Webber's teammate finished in second place to complete Red Bull's third 1–2 of the season;Jenson Button finished in third position,to complete the podium for the McLaren team.
Corruption in Brazil exists on all levels of society from the top echelons of political power to the smallest municipalities. Operation Car Wash showed central government members using the prerogatives of their public office for rent-seeking activities,ranging from political support to siphoning funds from state-owned corporation for personal gain. Mensalão for example was the practice of transferring taxpayer funds as monthly allowances to members of congress from other political parties in consideration for their support and votes in congress. Politicians used the state-owned and state-run oil company Petrobras to raise hundreds of millions of reais for political campaigns and personal enrichment.
Delcídio do Amaral Gomez is a Brazilian politician. He worked at Shell and was nominated to Petrobras's Internacional Directory by president Fernando Henrique Cardoso where he worked until 2001 when he left Petrobras and start his relation with the Workers'Party. Before his relation with Workers' party,Delcidio nominated a new director to Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Nestor Cervero. He represented Mato Grosso do Sul in the Federal Senate from 2003 to 2016 and before he was removed from office,he was the high-representative of the Workers' Party in the Brazilian Senate. He was the speaker of his party in the Senate and the head of the Senate's economic affairs committee. Amaral was arrested in November 2015 for allegedly taking kickbacks from Petrobras. A Supreme Court judge,Teori Zavascki,said he authorised the arrest after seeing evidence that Amaral had planned the flight of Petrobras's former international director,Nestor Cerveró,in return for his silence. Ceverówas convicted of money laundering and sentenced to five years in prison.
Operation Car Wash,or Operation Jet Wash was a landmark anti-corruption probe in Brazil. Beginning in March 2014 as the investigation of a small car wash in Brasília over money laundering,the proceedings uncovered a massive corruption scheme in the Brazilian federal government,particularly in state-owned enterprises. The probe was conducted through a joint task force of agents in the federal police,revenue collection agency,internal audit office and antitrust regulator. Evidence was collected and presented to the court system by a team of federal prosecutors led by Deltan Dallagnol,while the judge in charge of the operation was Sergio Moro. Eventually,other federal prosecutors and judges would go on to oversee related cases under their jurisdictions in various Brazilian states. The operation implicated leading businessmen,federal congressmen,senators,state governors,federal government ministers,and former presidents Collor,Temer and Lula. Companies and individuals accused of involvement have agreed to pay 25 billion reais in fines and restitution of embezzled public funds.
In 2015 and 2016,a series of protests in Brazil denounced corruption and the government of President Dilma Rousseff,triggered by revelations that numerous politicians allegedly accepted bribes connected to contracts at state-owned energy company Petrobras between 2003 and 2010 and connected to the Workers' Party,while Rousseff chaired the company's board of directors. The first protests on 15 March 2015 numbered between one and nearly three million protesters against the scandal and the country's poor economic situation. In response,the government introduced anti-corruption legislation. A second day of major protesting occurred 12 April,with turnout,according to GloboNews,ranging from 696,000 to 1,500,000. On 16 August,protests took place in 200 cities in all 26 states of Brazil. Following allegations that Rousseff's predecessor,Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,participated in money laundering and a prosecutor ordered his arrest,record numbers of Brazilians protested against the Rousseff government on 13 March 2016,with nearly 7 million citizens demonstrating.
Events in the year 2016 in Brazil:
The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff,the 36th president of Brazil,began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment being accepted by Eduardo Cunha,then president of the Chamber of Deputies,and continued into late 2016. Dilma Rousseff,then more than 12 months into her second four-year term,was charged with criminal administrative misconduct and disregard for the federal budget in violation of article 85,items V and VI,of the Constitution of Brazil and the Fiscal Responsibility Law,Article 36. The petition also accused Rousseff of criminal responsibility for failing to act on the scandal at the Brazilian national petroleum company,Petrobras,on account of allegations uncovered by the Operation Car Wash investigation,and for failing to distance herself from the suspects in that investigation.
Maria de Fátima Bezerra is a Brazilian politician. She has been serving as Governor of Rio Grande do Norte since January 2019. Previously,she was a deputy for Rio Grande do Norte from 1995 to 2015. She is a member of the Workers' Party.
Pedro Pullen Parente is a Brazilian engineer,politician,administrator,and former president of the state oil company Petrobras.
The 56th Legislature of National Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the Federal Government of Brazil,composed by the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. It convened in Brasília on 1 February 2019,a month after the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro's only term as president,and ended on 31 January 2023.
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash. The first investigation was launched in March 2014,and is now known as phase 1 of the investigation,with subsequent inquiries numbered sequentially and having code names such as phase 2,phase 3,and so on. By February 2021,there were 80 announced phases of Operation Car Wash.
Theodorico Bezerra Netto is a Brazilian businessman and politician,affiliated with the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB). He briefly served as one of the senators from the state of Rio Grande do Norte,serving only 5 days. He held the position due to the previous senator,Jean Paul Prates,taking up a role in the Lula administration as the head of Petrobras. Theodorico Netto was succeeded by Rogério Simonetti Marinho,who had been elected to the position in 2022. Prior to being senator,he had been the mayor of the town of Tangaráfrom 1989 to 1992.
Caio Mario Paes de Andrade is an entrepreneur,administrator,investor,and was a member of Minister Paulo Guedes' economic team. He served as the president of SERPRO,Special Secretary for Bureaucracy Reduction,Management,and Digital Government,responsible for the digital strategy and creation of the GOV.BR Platform,and also as the president of Petrobras from June 2022 to January 2023.
