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A mental disorder,also referred to as a mental illness,a mental health condition,or a psychiatric disability,is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. A mental disorder is also characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition,emotional regulation,or behavior,often in a social context. Such disturbances may occur as single episodes,may be persistent,or may be relapsing–remitting. There are many different types of mental disorders,with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders. A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health.
Michael Smith was a British-born Canadian biochemist and businessman. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Kary Mullis for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis. Following a PhD in 1956 from the University of Manchester,he undertook postdoctoral research with Har Gobind Khorana at the British Columbia Research Council in Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada. Subsequently,Smith worked at the Fisheries Research Board of Canada Laboratory in Vancouver before being appointed a professor of biochemistry in the UBC Faculty of Medicine in 1966. Smith's career included roles as the founding director of the UBC Biotechnology Laboratory and the founding scientific leader of the Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence (PENCE). In 1996 he was named Peter Wall Distinguished Professor of Biotechnology. Subsequently,he became the founding director of the Genome Sequencing Centre at the BC Cancer Research Centre.
The Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology &Neuroscience (IoPPN) is a leading centre for mental health and neuroscience research,education and training in Europe. It is dedicated to understanding,preventing and treating mental illness,neurological conditions,and other conditions that affect the brain. The IoPPN is a faculty of King's College London,England,and was previously known as the Institute of Psychiatry (IoP).
Lisa Dixon is a professor of psychiatry at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Director of the Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research within the Department of Psychiatry. Her research focuses on improving the quality of care for individuals diagnosed with serious mental illnesses. She directs the Center for Practice Innovations (CPI) at the New York State Psychiatric Institute,where she oversees the implementation of evidence-based practices for individuals with serious mental illnesses for the New York State Office of Mental Health. She leads OnTrackNY,a statewide treatment program for adolescents and young adults experiencing their first episode of psychosis.
The biopsychiatry controversy is a dispute over which viewpoint should predominate and form a basis of psychiatric theory and practice. The debate is a criticism of a claimed strict biological view of psychiatric thinking. Its critics include disparate groups such as the antipsychiatry movement and some academics.
A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or social and human services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders. This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals,to prevent admissions,and to provide support in homes,jobs,education,and community. These individuals were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs,which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing,psychiatric rehabilitation,supported or transitional employment,sheltered workshops,supported education,daily living skills,affirmative industries,dual diagnosis treatment,individual and family psychoeducation,adult day care,foster care,family services and mental health counseling.
Assertive community treatment (ACT) is an intensive and highly integrated approach for community mental health service delivery. ACT teams serve individuals who have been diagnosed with serious and persistent forms of mental illness,predominantly but not exclusively the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. ACT service recipients may also have diagnostic profiles that include features typically found in other DSM-5 categories. Many have histories of frequent psychiatric hospitalization,substance abuse,victimization and trauma,arrests and incarceration,homelessness,and additional significant challenges. The symptoms and complications of their mental illnesses have led to serious functioning difficulties in several areas of life,often including work,social relationships,residential independence,money management,and physical health and wellness. By the time they start receiving ACT services,they are likely to have experienced failure,discrimination,and stigmatization,and their hope for the future is likely to be quite low.
Psychiatric rehabilitation,also known as psychosocial rehabilitation,and sometimes simplified to psych rehab by providers,is the process of restoration of community functioning and well-being of an individual diagnosed in mental health or emotional disorder and who may be considered to have a psychiatric disability.
British Columbia Children's Hospital is a medical facility located in Vancouver,British Columbia,and is an agency of the Provincial Health Services Authority. It specializes in health care for patients from birth to 16 years of age. It is also a teaching and research facility for children's medicine. The hospital includes the Sunny Hill Health Centre,which provides specialized services to children and youth with developmental disabilities aged birth to 16 years.
Dual diagnosis is the condition of having a mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder. There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems. The concept can be used broadly,for example depression and alcohol use disorder,or it can be restricted to specify severe mental illness and substance use disorder,or a person who has a milder mental illness and a drug dependency,such as panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder and is dependent on opioids. Diagnosing a primary psychiatric illness in people who use substances is challenging as substance use disorder itself often induces psychiatric symptoms,thus making it necessary to differentiate between substance induced and pre-existing mental illness.
Military psychiatry covers special aspects of psychiatry and mental disorders within the military context. The aim of military psychiatry is to keep as many serving personnel as possible fit for duty and to treat those disabled by psychiatric conditions. Military psychiatry encompasses counseling individuals and families on a variety of life issues,often from the standpoint of life strategy counseling,as well as counseling for mental health issues,substance abuse prevention and substance abuse treatment;and where called for,medical treatment for biologically based mental illness,among other elements.
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of deleterious mental conditions. These include various matters related to mood,behaviour,cognition,perceptions,and emotions.
Claude Robert Cloninger is an American psychiatrist and geneticist noted for his research on the biological,psychological,social,and spiritual foundation of both mental health and mental illness. He previously held the Wallace Renard Professorship of Psychiatry,and served as professor of psychology and genetics,as well as director of the Sansone Family Center for Well-Being at Washington University in St. Louis. Cloninger is a member of the evolutionary,neuroscience,and statistical genetics programs of the Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences at Washington University,and is recognized as an expert clinician in the treatment of general psychopathology,substance dependence,and personality disorders. Dr. Cloninger is currently professor emeritus.
The National Core for Neuroethics at the University of British Columbia was established in August 2007,with support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,the Institute of Mental Health and Addiction,the Canada Foundation for Innovation,the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund,the Canada Research Chairs program,the UBC Brain Research Centre and the UBC Institute of Mental Health. Co-founded by Judy Illes and Peter Reiner,the Core studies neuroethics,with particular focus on ethics in neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine,international and cross-cultural challenges in brain research,neuroimaging and ethics,the neuroethics of enhancement,and personalized medicine.
Niki Erlenmeyer-Kimling was a professor of clinical psychiatry at Columbia University and chief of the Division of Genetics at New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite the substantial harm and adverse consequences to one's own self and others,as a result of their use. In perspective,the effects of the wrong use of substances that are capable of causing harm to the user or others,have been extensively described in different studies using a variety of terms such as substance use problems,problematic drugs or alcohol use,and substance use disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) states that "Substance use disorder (SUD) is a treatable mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior,leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs,alcohol,or medications. Symptoms can be moderate to severe,with addiction being the most severe form of SUD". Substance use disorders (SUD) are considered to be a serious mental illness that fluctuates with the age that symptoms first start appearing in an individual,the time during which it exists and the type of substance that is used. It is not uncommon for those who have SUD to also have other mental health disorders. Substance use disorders are characterized by an array of mental/emotional,physical,and behavioral problems such as chronic guilt;an inability to reduce or stop consuming the substance(s) despite repeated attempts;operating vehicles while intoxicated;and physiological withdrawal symptoms. Drug classes that are commonly involved in SUD include:alcohol (alcoholism);cannabis;opioids;stimulants such as nicotine,cocaine and amphetamines;benzodiazepines;barbiturates;and other substances.
Michael R. Hayden,is a Killam Professor of Medical Genetics at the University of British Columbia,the highest honour UBC can confer on any faculty member. Only four such awards have ever been conferred in the Faculty of Medicine. Dr. Hayden is also Canada Research Chair in Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine. Hayden is best known for his research in Huntington disease (HD).
Ming Tso Tsuang is an American psychiatrist and Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California,San Diego. He is considered a pioneering researcher in the genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders. Tsuang has authored and co-authored more than 600 publications and serves as founding and senior editor of the American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B.
Kanna Hayashi is a Japanese health scientist. She is an associate professor at Simon Fraser University and St. Paul's Hospital Chair in Substance Use Research.
Simone Natalie Vigod is a Canadian scientist,Head of the Department of Psychiatry at Women's College Hospital and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto in Toronto,Ontario,Canada. She focuses her research on perinatal mood disorders and has conducted some of the largest studies worldwide on maternal mental illness around the time of pregnancy.
References
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin". The Science Runway. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ @J9_Austin (23 May 2018). "Sometimes, the world feels very small. In the #UBCgrad procession today, I met fellow @UBC faculty member Olav Slaymaker. He grew up a few streets from me in Swansea, South Wales, & we both graduated from the same high school (Bishop Gore: him '58, me '93). Both #1stgenacademic" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin". BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- 1 2 "Dr. Jehannine Austin to strengthen mental health and substance use research". BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- 1 2 "Dr. Jehannine Austin begins her term as Acting Department Head". University of British Columbia. 8 July 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "2007 Career Investigator Awards". The Vancouver Sun. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 16 December 2022– via newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin". Michael Smith Health Research BC. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "UBC gains $20M in 29 Canada Research Chairs". University of British Columbia. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ Crawford, Tiffany (17 December 2013). "Program empowers those touched by mental illness". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 16 December 2022– via newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin receives Pfizer Psychiatry Research Award". University of British Columbia. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin, Medical Genetics". University of British Columbia. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin elected President of National Society of Genetic Counselors". University of British Columbia. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Jehannine Austin named member of the Royal Society of Canada". University of British Columbia. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Research leader helping transform mental health and substance use care across B.C." BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Congratulations & Welcome to our 2017 Fellows!" (PDF). Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. September 2017. p. 1. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ Newall, Sally (5 October 2021). "Could looking at your life like a jam jar improve your mental health?". Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ "Research director receives prestigious award for genetic counselling work". BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ↑ "BCCHR researchers awarded CIHR funding to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic impacts on children, youth and families". BC Children's Hospital Research Institute. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ↑ Coors, Marilyn E. (1 September 2011). "Review: How to Talk with Families About Genetics and Psychiatric Illness". The American Journal of Psychiatry . 168 (9): 994–995. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030476 . Retrieved 16 December 2022.
