The Hotel Jerusalem was the first ever luxury hotel outside of old Jaffa. It operated between the years 1870 and 1940 and had 57 rooms that occupied 1899 square meters. It was located on Rehov Auerbach #6 in the historic American Colony that soon became known also as the German Colony. The hotel is an important landmark in the development of Jaffa in the second half of the 19th century by being the first hotel outside of Jaffa’s city walls. Currently the building is part of the top-end Drisco Hotel.
In 1866, 156 Americans from Maine docked in Jaffa. They were Protestant Evangelicals (Christian Restorationism) who were primarily carpenters and farmers. They were led by George J. Adams, a charismatic reverend who had founded the Church of the Messiahs several years earlier in Maine. They believed that hard work and developing ties with the local Jews would hasten the Messiah's arrival.
The group purchased a small plot of land to the North of Jaffa and built several wooden structures with pre-fabricated pieces that they had brought with them from America.
Among this first group of American colonists there were two brothers, John and George Drisco who wanted to turn the colony into the first destination for the pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem.
They started by buying a plot and then another from George J. Adams and begin building the hotel in early 1866 with the expectancy to be open for welcoming the first pilgrims of Easter 1867, however they only completed construction by April, thus missing the "pilgrim season" they had so heavily counted on. When they finally opened the hotel, they named it Le Grand Hotel, but their buoyancy is already starting to show cracks.
Disease, the climate, the insecure and arbitrary treatment by the Ottoman authorities, make many of the colonists remigrate to Maine.
As their finances dwindle and their spirit cracks, the Drisco brothers are forced to sell to a German missionary by the name of Peter Martin Metzler in order to afford travel fare back to Maine. Metzler bought the hotel and turned it into a mission for Swiss-German pilgrims.
On 5 March 1869 Metzler sold the hotel and all its property to the leaders of the Temple Society, Christoph Hoffmann and Georg David Hardegg, [1] who had settled in Haifa a year earlier with the wish to redeem the Holy Land by an active and industrious lifestyle. They saw this as an opportunity to expand and establish a second colony close to Jaffa.
The Hotel Jerusalem was then owned and operated by Ernst David Hardegg, son of Georg David Hardegg. [2] [3] It flourished and served both pilgrims and dignitaries who came to visit Palestine. [4] Mark Twain was a guest during his time as well as Thomas Cook, who reached a special arrangement with the hotel to house his guests and clients. During their journey to the Holy Land, German Emperor William II, his wife Augusta Victoria and their entourage stayed in Jaffa on 27 October 1898. Their travel agency Thomas Cook accommodated the imperial guests in the "Hôtel du Parc", owned by the German Protestant Plato von Ustinov. [5] The further imperial entourage stayed at the Jerusalem Hotel (then Seestraße, today's Auerbach Street, at number 6; רחוב אוארבך), owned by the Templer Ernst Hardegg, [5] also US vice-consul seated in Jaffa between 1871 and 1909. [6] Thus William II, as summus episcopus (Supreme governor of the Evangelical State Church in Prussia's older Provinces) kept the balance between Templers and Protestants at his visit, whose two denominations were quite in trouble with each other at that time.
The British turn the hotel into their military headquarters as well as an adjacent police station.[ clarification needed ] As the United Kingdom declares war on Nazi Germany, the British decide to intern the Gentile German community in Palestine, including the Germans,[ dubious ] making up the majority among the Templers,[ dubious ] many of whom sympathised with Nazis or even were actual active Nazi members.
This article needs to be updated.(December 2018) |
In the 2010s the building underwent heavy reconstruction, with the purpose of turning it by 2017 into a 50-room luxury suite hotel. The developers have named it the Drisco Hotel, after the two brothers who had raised the original building, John and George Drisco. The Drisco Hotel will also include the historic Norton House that is located on 4 Auerbach St.
Samuel Gobat was a Swiss Calvinist who became an Anglican missionary in Africa and was the Protestant Bishop of Jerusalem from 1846 until his death.
The German Templer Society, also known Templers, is a Radical Pietist group that emerged in Germany during the mid-nineteenth century. Templer theology is rooted in the legacy of preceding centuries during which various Christian groups bravely undertook to establish the perfect Christian religion in preparation for Christ's promised return. The movement was founded by Christoph Hoffmann, [1815-1885] who believed that humanity’s salvation lay in the gathering of God's people in a Christian community. He also believed that the second coming of Christ was imminent, and that according to Biblical prophecy it would take place in Jerusalem, where God's people were to gather as a symbol of the rebuilding of the temple.
Gottlob Christoph Jonathan Hoffmann was born in Leonberg in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany. His parents were Beate Baumann (1774-1852) and Gottlieb Wilhelm Hoffmann (1771-1846), who was chairman of the Unitas Fratrum congregation in Korntal. Gottlieb's theological thinking was inspired by reading the works of Johann Albrecht Bengel, whose studies had led him to the conclusion that Christ would return in 1836.
Plato Freiherr von Ustinov was a Russian-born German citizen and the owner of the Hôtel du Parc in Jaffa, Ottoman Empire.
George Jones Adams was the leader of a schismatic Latter Day Saint sect who led an ill-fated effort to establish a colony of Americans in Palestine. Adams was also briefly a member of the First Presidency in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite). In preparation for colonizing Palestine, he changed his name to George Washington Joshua Adams, to tie himself to two well-known country builders: George Washington of the United States and Joshua, from the Hebrew Bible.
The German Colony was established in Ottoman Haifa in 1868 as a Christian German Templer Colony in Palestine. It was the first of several colonies established by the group in the Holy Land. Others were founded in Sarona near Jaffa, Galilee and Jerusalem.
Jacob Schumacher was an architect and engineer who later served as a United States diplomat.
Wilhelma, originally Wilhelma-Hamîdije, was German Templer Colony in Palestine, located southwest of al-'Abbasiyyah near Jaffa.
Qalunya was a Palestinian village located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) west of Jerusalem. Prior to the village's destruction in 1948, with the exception of 166 dunams, Qalunya's land was privately owned: 3,594 dunams were owned by Arabs, while 1,084 dunams were owned by Jews.
Conrad Schick (1822–1901) was a German architect, archaeologist and Protestant missionary who settled in Jerusalem in the mid-nineteenth century. For many decades, he was head of the "House of Industry" at the Christ Church, which was the institute for vocational training of the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews.
Immanuel Church is a Protestant church in the American–German Colony neighbourhood of Tel Aviv in Israel.
Israel Bartal, is Avraham Harman Professor of Jewish History, member of Israel Academy of Sciences (2016), and the former Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Hebrew University (2006–2010). Since 2006 he is the chair of the Historical Society of Israel. He served as director of the Center for Research on the History and Culture of Polish Jewry, and the academic chairman of the Project of Jewish Studies in Russian at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Professor Bartal was the co-director of the Center for Jewish Studies and Civilization at Moscow State University. Bartal received his PhD from Hebrew University in 1981. He focuses his research on the history of the Jews in Palestine, the Jews of Eastern Europe, the Haskalah Movement, Jewish Orthodoxy and modern Jewish historiography.
The American–German Colony is a residential neighborhood in the southern part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. It is located between Eilat Street and HaRabbi MiBacherach Street and adjoins Neve Tzedek. It was originally established as an American colony, but when that failed, it was resettled and became a German Templer colony, which in time evolved into a mixed German Protestant colony.
Samuel Klein was a Hungarian-born rabbi, historian and historical geographer in Mandatory Palestine.
Henry Kendall (1903–1983) was a British architect, who worked as an urban planner, in British colonies and former colonies.
Georg David Hardegg co-founded the German Templer Society with Christoph Hoffmann.
Wilhelm II's voyage to the Levant in 1898 was a state visit that the German Emperor undertook in the Ottoman Empire between 25 October and 12 November 1898.
The German Templer colonies in Palestine were the settlements established in Ottoman Palestine and Mandatory Palestine by the German Pietist Templer movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. During and shortly after World War II, these colonies were depopulated, and its German residents deported to Australia.
Jacob Pereman was a Zionist activist, poet, thinker, biblical scholar, bibliographer, an art and book collector, expert and pioneer in the research of Jewish art and in its introduction to the general public in the Land of Israel.