The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution,established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington,D.C.,United States;it is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers loans to middle-income developing countries. It is the first of five member institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The initial mission of the IBRD in 1944,was to finance the reconstruction of European nations devastated by World War II. The IBRD and its concessional lending arm,the International Development Association (IDA),are collectively known as the World Bank as they share the same leadership and staff.
The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. It is the largest and best-known development bank in the world and an observer at the United Nations Development Group. The bank is headquartered in Washington,D.C.,in the United States. It provided around $98.83 billion in loans and assistance to "developing" and transition countries in the 2021 fiscal year. The bank's stated mission is to achieve the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and building shared prosperity. Total lending as of 2015 for the last 10 years through Development Policy Financing was approximately $117 billion. Its five organizations are
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment,advisory,and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington,D.C. in the United States.
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States,where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the U.S. Mint. These two agencies are responsible for printing all paper currency and minting coins,while the treasury executes currency circulation in the domestic fiscal system. The USDT collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service;manages U.S. government debt instruments;licenses and supervises banks and thrift institutions;and advises the legislative and executive branches on matters of fiscal policy. The department is administered by the secretary of the treasury,who is a member of the Cabinet. The treasurer of the United States has limited statutory duties,but advises the Secretary on various matters such as coinage and currency production. Signatures of both officials appear on all Federal Reserve notes.
His Majesty's Treasury,occasionally referred to as the Exchequer,or more informally the Treasury,is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Treasury maintains the Online System for Central Accounting and Reporting,the replacement for the Combined Online Information System,which itemises departmental spending under thousands of category headings,and from which the Whole of Government Accounts annual financial statements are produced.
The Treasurerof Australia,also known as the FederalTreasurer or more simply the Treasurer,is the minister of state of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing government revenue collection,federal expenditure and economic policy as the head of the Department of the Treasury. The current treasurer is Jim Chalmers,who was selected by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election.
The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University,a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights,Manhattan,New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields,as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.
Mahmoud Mohieldin, is an economist with more than 30 years of experience in international finance and development. He is the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for Egypt. He is an Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund. He has been the United Nations Special Envoy on Financing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda since February 2020. He was the Minister of Investment of Egypt from 2004-2010,and most recently,served as the World Bank Group Senior Vice President for the 2030 Development Agenda,United Nations Relations and Partnerships. His roles at the World Bank also included Managing Director,responsible for Human Development,Sustainable Development,Poverty Reduction and Economic Management,Finance and Private Sector Development,and the World Bank Institute;World Bank President's Special Envoy on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),the Post-2015 Development Agenda,and Financing for Development;and Corporate Secretary and Executive Secretary to the Development Committee of the World Bank Group's Board of Governors. Dr Mohieldin also served on several Boards of Directors in the Central Bank of Egypt and the corporate sector. He was a member of the Commission on Growth and Development and was selected for the Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum in 2005. His professional experience extends into the academic arena as a Professor of Economics and Finance at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science,Cairo University and as a visiting professor at several renowned Universities in Egypt,Korea,the UAE,the UK and the USA. He is a member of the International Advisory Board of Durham University Business School. He also holds leading positions in national,regional and international research centres and associations. He has authored numerous publications and articles in leading journals in the fields of economics,finance and development.
Ajit Gunottam Hutheesing was the founder,chairman and chief executive officer of International Capital Partners Inc. (ICP). ICP commenced investment activities in 1992,providing private placement equity to finance the growth of successful smaller companies. After a successful record of investments in small private and public companies,ICP began winding down its activities. Hutheesing was a member of the Greenwich Roundtable,a group of 100 invited members who collectively manage $1 trillion plus.
Conservation finance is the practice of raising and managing capital to support land,water,and resource conservation. Conservation financing options vary by source from public,private,and nonprofit funders;by type from loans,to grants,to tax incentives,to market mechanisms;and by scale ranging from federal to state,national to local.
Bobby J. Pittman Jr. is an American economist who served as the Special Assistant to President George W. Bush and Senior Director for African Affairs at White House from 2006 to 2009. In that capacity,he was the lead advisor to National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley and President Bush on Africa issues. He also served as the President's Africa Personal Representative (APR) to the G8. During his tenure,Pittman was part of a White House team which oversaw the design and execution of key initiatives such as the Africa Financial Sector Initiative,President's Malaria Initiative (PMI),President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),Africa Education Initiative,and Millennium Challenge Account (MCA).
The Indiana Treasurer of State is a constitutional and elected office in the executive branch of the government of Indiana. The treasurer is responsible for managing the finances of the U.S. state of Indiana. The position was filled by appointment from 1816 until the adoption of the new Constitution of Indiana in 1851,which made the position filled by election. As of 2023,there have been fifty-five treasurers. The incumbent is Republican Dan Elliott who has served in the position since January 9,2023.
The Australian government debt is the amount owed by the Australian federal government. The Australian Office of Financial Management,which is part of the Treasury Portfolio,is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government. Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the Loan Council,unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing. Government debt and borrowings have national macroeconomic implications,and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy,enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets,with flow on effects on the wider economy.
Arunma Oteh is a Nigerian economist. She was the Treasurer and a Vice President of the World Bank (2015–2018). She became the Director General of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in Nigeria in January 2010. In this position she was responsible for regulation of Nigeria's capital markets,including the Nigerian Stock Exchange. In July 2015,after her tenure in the SEC,she was appointed the vice president and treasurer of the World Bank. She was appointed chair of the Royal African Society in July 2021,taking over from Zeinab Badawi.
Makhtar Sop Diop is a Senegalese economist and politician who has been serving as the managing director of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) since 2021,making him the first African to hold the position.
Henry K. Rotich is a Kenyan civil servant who was nominated by President Uhuru Kenyatta as Cabinet Secretary for the National Treasury on 23 April 2013. On 14 January 2020,Rotich,who had been arrested on charges of corruption,was removed from this position.
Joachim von Amsberg is a German economist,banker,and development finance leader who served,as Vice President,Policy and Strategy of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank from 2016 to 2021. Earlier in his career,he was Vice President of the World Bank,responsible for Development Finance.
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA),two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start,its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s,it focused on loans to developing world countries,shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years,it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals,as well as environmental and social safeguards.
Elizabeth L. Littlefield is an American businesswoman and executive. She is the Senior Partner and co-founder of West Africa Blue,and Senior Advisor at Pollination,a climate change investment and advisory firm. She chairs the Board of M-KOPA solar and serves on the board of the World Wildlife Fund (US).
Geoffrey William Seiji Okamoto is an American economist and government official who served as first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Okamoto previously served as the acting assistant secretary for international finance and development in the United States Department of the Treasury. He was nominated for this position on January 1,2019,by the White House and was never confirmed by the United States Congress. He previously served as acting assistant secretary for international markets and investment,for which he was also not confirmed.
