Jinja (template engine)

Last updated
Jinja
Original author Armin Ronacher
Initial releaseJuly 17, 2008;17 years ago (2008-07-17) [1]
Stable release
3.1.6  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg / 5 March 2025;7 months ago (5 March 2025)
Repository
Written in Python
Type Template engine
License BSD License
Website palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Jinja is a web template engine for the Python programming language. It was created by Armin Ronacher and is licensed under a BSD License. Jinja is similar to the Django template engine, but provides Python-like expressions while ensuring that the templates are evaluated in a sandbox. It is a text-based template language and thus can be used to generate any markup as well as source code.

Contents

The Jinja template engine allows customization of tags, [2] filters (for formatting or transforming values [3] ), tests (for evaluating conditions [3] ), and globals. [4] Also, unlike the Django template engine, Jinja allows the template designer to call functions with arguments on objects. Jinja is the default template engine for Flask, as well as Home Assistant's Automations. [5] [6] It is also used by Ansible, [7] Trac, and Salt. [8] It is also used to make SQL macros, for example for use with dbt. [9]

Features

Some of the features of Jinja are: [10]

Jinja, like Smarty, also ships with an easy-to-use filter system similar to the Unix pipeline.

Syntax

The syntax for printing output in Jinja is using the double curly braces, for example {{ Hello, World! }}.

Statements which set variables in jinja or those which do not have an output can be wrapped within {% and %}, using the set keyword. For example {%setfoo=42%} sets a variable called foo with a value of 42.

Similar to above, comments in jinja can be written using a number sign (#) instead of a percentage (%), for example, {# helpful comment #}.

The syntax for creating a filter in Jinja is a vertical bar (|), for example {{ variable|filter }}. A variable can have multiple filters, for example {{ variable|filter|filter }}). [3]

The syntax for creating a test in Jinja is the keyword is as well as the conditions for evaluating the validity of a test, such as for example {%ifvariableisdivisibleby10%}do something{%endif%}). [3]

For loops can be used to iterate over sequences, while retaining their object properties. The following example demonstrates iterating over a list of users with username and password fields.

{%foruserinusers%}{{user.username}}{{user.password}}{%endfor%}

Although break and continue are not allowed inside loops, sequences can be filtered.

Example

Here is a small example of a template file example.html.jinja: [11] 

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>{{variable|escape}}</title></head><body>{%- foriteminitem_list%}{{item}}{%ifnotloop.last%},{%endif%}{%- endfor%}</body></html>

and templating code:

fromjinja2importTemplatewithopen("example.html.jinja")asf:tmpl=Template(f.read())print(tmpl.render(variable="Value with <unsafe> data",item_list=[1,2,3,4,5,6]))

This produces the HTML string:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Value with &lt;unsafe&gt; data</title></head><body>     1,     2,     3,     4,     5,     6   </body></html>

Note the minus sign (-) after the tag {%: If you add a minus sign (-) to the start or end of a block (e.g. a For tag), a comment, or a variable expression, the whitespaces before or after that block will be removed. [12]

References

  1. ↑ "Jinja2 Release History" . Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Extensions". Jinja2 Documentation (2.8-dev). Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Jinja built-in filters and tests (like Django filters)". www.webforefront.com. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  4. ↑ "Extensions". Jinja2 Documentation (2.8-dev). Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  5. ↑ DuPlain, R. (2013). Instant Flask Web Development. Packt Publishing. p. 30. ISBN   978-1-78216-963-5 . Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  6. ↑ Assistant, Home. "Templating". Home Assistant. Retrieved 2025-10-16.
  7. ↑ "Templating (Jinja2) — Ansible Documentation".
  8. ↑ "Understanding Jinja". docs.saltproject.io.
  9. ↑ Jinja and macros | dbt Developer Hub
  10. ↑ "Welcome | Jinja2 (The Python Template Engine)". palletsprojects.com/p/jinja.
  11. ↑ Ronacher, Armin. "Template Designer Documentation". Jinja Documentation (3.0.x). Retrieved 9 January 2024. A Jinja template doesn't need to have a specific extension: .html, .xml, or any other extension is just fine.
  12. ↑ "Template Designer Documentation — Jinja Documentation (3.0.x)". jinja.palletsprojects.com. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
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