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James Quinn Wilson was an American political scientist and an authority on public administration. Most of his career was spent as a professor at UCLA and Harvard University. He was the chairman of the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute, member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1985–1990), and the President's Council on Bioethics. He was Director of Joint Center for Urban Studies at Harvard-MIT.
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ).
Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. These acts would otherwise be considered crimes if the individuals committing them were older. The term delinquent usually refers to juvenile delinquency, and is also generalised to refer to a young person who behaves an unacceptable way.
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Scared Straight! is a 1978 American documentary directed by Arnold Shapiro. Narrated by Peter Falk, the subject of the documentary is a group of juvenile delinquents and their three-hour session with actual convicts. Filmed at Rahway State Prison, a group of inmates known as the "lifers" berate, scream at, and terrify the young offenders in an attempt to "scare them straight", so that those teenagers will avoid prison life.
Juvenile court, also known as young offender's court or children's court, is a tribunal having special authority to pass judgements for crimes committed by children who have not attained the age of majority. In most modern legal systems, children who commit a crime are treated differently from legal adults who have committed the same offense. Juveniles have a lack of capacity for understanding their criminal acts, meaning they also have diminished criminal responsibility compared to their adult counterparts.
In criminal justice systems, a youth detention center, known as a juvenile detention center (JDC), juvenile detention, juvenile jail, juvenile hall, or more colloquially as juvie/juvy or the Juvey Joint, also sometimes referred to as observation home or remand home is a prison for people under the age of majority, to which they have been sentenced and committed for a period of time, or detained on a short-term basis while awaiting trial or placement in a long-term care program. Juveniles go through a separate court system, the juvenile court, which sentences or commits juveniles to a certain program or facility.
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The United States incarcerates more of its youth than any other country in the world, through the juvenile courts and the adult criminal justice system, which reflects the larger trends in incarceration practices in the United States. In 2010, approximately 70,800 juveniles were incarcerated in youth detention facilities alone. As of 2006, approximately 500,000 youth were brought to detention centers in a given year. This data does not reflect juveniles tried as adults. As of 2013, around 40% were incarcerated in privatized, for-profit facilities.
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The superpredator or super-predator refers to a myth that became popular in the 1990s in the United States, which posited that a small but significant and increasing population of impulsive youth were willing to commit violent crimes without remorse. A now-debunked criminological theory, created by criminologist and political scientist John J. DiIulio Jr., alleged that superpredators were a growing phenomenon and predicted a large increase in youth crime and violence as a result. The idea of superpredators contributed to a moral panic about juvenile crime. Proponents warned of "a blood bath of violence" or "Lord of the Flies on a massive scale". American lawmakers seized on this idea, and implemented tough-on-crime legislation for juvenile offenders across the country, including life without parole sentences.
Laurie Robinson is an American scholar and public servant who has held multiple positions across government, academia, and the nonprofit sector. Robinson's most notable roles include serving as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs under former Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and co-chairing Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing. She also served on the congressionally created Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections and on an independent commission that explored the potential closure of New York City's Rikers Island jail complex. Most recently, Robinson served as founding Chair of the Board of Directors of the Council on Criminal Justice, a nonpartisan policy and research organization.
References
- ↑ Dilulio, John (May 23, 2007). "John Dilulio's letter". Esquire . Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
- ↑ Goodstein, Laurie (January 28, 2009). "Leaders say Obama has tapped pastor for outreach office". The New York Times .
- 1 2 "Student sees political bias in high school text: publisher now says it will review book, as will college board". NBC News. Associated Press. April 8, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
- ↑ "The Coming of the Super -- Predators". 27 November 1995.
- ↑ Templeton, Robin (January 1, 1998). "Superscapegoating: teen 'superpredators' hype set stage for draconian legislation". Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) . Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting, Inc. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ↑ Bennett, DiIulio, & Walters, William J., John J., John P. Moral Poverty--and how to Win America's War Against Crime and Drugs. Simon & Schuster.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 "Supreme Court of the United States" (PDF).
- ↑ "Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)". www.ojjdp.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
- ↑ Boghani, Priyanka. "They Were Sentenced as "Superpredators." Who Were They Really?". PBS Frontline. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Haberman, Clyde (April 6, 2014). "When Youth Violence Spurred 'Superpredator' Fear". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved March 2, 2016.
- ↑ "John DiIulio | Political Science Department". www.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
