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James Quinn Wilson was an American political scientist and an authority on public administration. Most of his career was spent as a professor at UCLA and Harvard University. He was the chairman of the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute, member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1985–1990), and the President's Council on Bioethics. He was Director of Joint Center for Urban Studies at Harvard-MIT.
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ).
Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. These acts would otherwise be considered crimes if the individuals committing them were older. The term delinquent usually refers to juvenile delinquency, and is also generalised to refer to a young person who behaves an unacceptable way.
The White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, formerly the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives (OFBCI) is an office within the White House Office that is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
In criminal justice systems, a youth detention center, known as a juvenile detention center (JDC), juvenile detention, juvenile jail, juvenile hall, or more colloquially as juvie/juvy or the Juvey Joint, also sometimes referred to as observation home or remand home is a prison for people under the age of majority, to which they have been sentenced and committed for a period of time, or detained on a short-term basis while awaiting trial or placement in a long-term care program. Juveniles go through a separate court system, the juvenile court, which sentences or commits juveniles to a certain program or facility.
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) is an office of the United States Department of Justice and a component of the Office of Justice Programs. The OJJDP publishes the JRFC Databook on even numbered years for information on youth detention.
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) is a United States federal law providing formula grants to states that follow a series of federal protections on the care and treatment of youth in the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems.
The American juvenile justice system is the primary system used to handle minors who are convicted of criminal offenses. The system is composed of a federal and many separate state, territorial, and local jurisdictions, with states and the federal government sharing sovereign police power under the common authority of the United States Constitution. The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court, and correctional involvement, with the goal of rehabilitation. Youth and their guardians can face a variety of consequences including probation, community service, youth court, youth incarceration and alternative schooling. The juvenile justice system, similar to the adult system, operates from a belief that intervening early in delinquent behavior will deter adolescents from engaging in criminal behavior as adults.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (UJC) of the U.S. Department of Justice is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring crime, criminal victimization, criminal offenders, victims of crime, correlates of crime, and the operation of criminal and civil justice systems at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels. Established on December 27, 1979, BJS collects, analyzes, and publishes data relating to crime in the United States. The agency publishes data regarding statistics gathered from the roughly fifty-thousand agencies, offices, courts, and institutions that together comprise the U.S. justice system.
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Juvenile delinquency in the United States refers to crimes committed by children or young people, particularly those under the age of eighteen.
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Henry Julian Abraham was a German-born American scholar on the judiciary and constitutional law. He was James Hart Professor of Government Emeritus at the University of Virginia. He was the author of 13 books, most in multiple editions, and more than 100 articles on the U.S. Supreme Court, judicial appointments, judicial process, and civil rights and liberties.
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Trial as an adult is a situation in which a juvenile offender is tried as if they were an adult, whereby they may receive a longer or more serious sentence than would otherwise be possible if they were charged as a juvenile.
Robert Agnew is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Sociology at Emory University and past president of the American Society of Criminology.
Jerry Regier was the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human Services Policy in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services from 2005–2007. He provides leadership on policy analysis and development in human services and on research under the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) for Secretary Mike Leavitt.
The superpredator or super-predator was a type of criminal in a largely debunked criminological theory that became popular in the 1990s in the United States. The superpredator theory posited that a small but significant and increasing population of impulsive youth were willing to commit violent crimes without remorse. John J. DiIulio Jr., the criminologist and political scientist who came up with the idea, predicted a large increase in youth crime and violence due to superpredators. American lawmakers seized on this idea, and implemented tough-on-crime legislation for juvenile offenders across the country, including life without parole sentences.
References
- ↑ Dilulio, John (May 23, 2007). "John Dilulio's letter". Esquire . Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
- ↑ Goodstein, Laurie (January 28, 2009). "Leaders say Obama has tapped pastor for outreach office". The New York Times .
- 1 2 "Student sees political bias in high school text: publisher now says it will review book, as will college board". NBC News. Associated Press. April 8, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
- ↑ "The Coming of the Super -- Predators". 27 November 1995.
- ↑ Templeton, Robin (January 1, 1998). "Superscapegoating: teen 'superpredators' hype set stage for draconian legislation". Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) . Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting, Inc. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ↑ Bennett, DiIulio, & Walters, William J., John J., John P. Moral Poverty--and how to Win America's War Against Crime and Drugs. Simon & Schuster.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 "Supreme Court of the United States" (PDF).
- ↑ "Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)". www.ojjdp.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
- ↑ Haberman, Clyde (April 6, 2014). "When Youth Violence Spurred 'Superpredator' Fear". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved March 2, 2016.
- ↑ "John DiIulio | Political Science Department". www.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
