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Sark is an island, part of the Channel Islands in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, France. It is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, with its own set of laws based on Norman law and its own parliament. It was a royal fief until 2008. It has a population of about 500. Sark has an area of 2.10 square miles (5.44 km2). Little Sark is a peninsula joined by a natural but high and very narrow isthmus to the rest of Sark Island.
The Seigneur of Sark is the lord of the manor of Sark in the Channel Islands. A female seigneur of Sark is called Dame of Sark, of which there have been three. The husband of a female ruler of Sark is not a consort but is jure uxoris a seigneur himself.
Dame Sibyl Mary Hathaway was Dame of Sark from 1927 until her death in 1974. Her 47-year rule over Sark, in the Channel Islands, spanned the reigns of four monarchs: George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II.
William Frederick Collings was seigneur of Sark from 1882 until his death. One of the most eccentric lords of the island, he was known for his anti-clericalism, stubbornness, intemperance and generosity.
William Thomas Collings was a clergyman of the Church of England who served as Seigneur of Sark from 1853 to 1882.
Marie Collings, sometimes referred to as Mary Collings, was a wealthy Guernsey heiress who ruled as Dame of Sark (island) from 1852 to 1853, being the island's second female ruler and the first holder of the fief from the presently ruling seigneurial family. She inherited the fortune of her father, the privateer John Allaire, who had obtained the mortgage on the fief shortly before his death. The island's then-ruling seigneur, Pierre Carey le Pelley, soon had no option but to sell the fief to Collings, but she never actively governed it.
Susanne le Pelley, Dame of Sark was the 10th Seigneur of Sark from 1730 to 1733. She was the first woman to have the position and rule the fief of Sark.
Helier de Carteret was the first Seigneur of Sark, reigning from 1563 to 1578. He was the son of Édouard de Carteret, Seigneur of Saint Ouen, and grandson of Philip de Carteret, 8th Seigneur of St Ouen.
Brecqhou is one of the Channel Islands, located off the west coast of Sark where they are now geographically detached from each other. Brecqhou is politically part of both Sark and the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It has been established in the courts that Brecqhou is a tenement of Sark. The Ministry of Justice, the department of the United Kingdom government with responsibility for the Channel Islands, considers Brecqhou part of Sark.
The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a self-governing British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France, comprising several of the Channel Islands. It has a total land area of 78 square kilometres (30 sq mi) and an estimated total population of 67,334.
James Milner, 9th Seigneur of Sark bought the fief of Sark from John Johnson in 1723 for £5,000, and was Seigneur of Sark until 1730. His heir and son-in-law, Joseph Wilcocks, the incumbent Bishop of Gloucester, sold the fief to Susanne le Pelley without ever claiming the title of Seigneur.
Vale is one of the ten parishes of Guernsey in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, Channel Islands.
The flag of Sark consists of a white background with a red St. George's cross and a red canton containing the two yellow lions from the flag of Normandy. This version of the flag was officially granted in 2020.
Louisa Elizabeth Collings was an amateur lichenologist and natural history collector from the Channel Islands. She is the ancestor of all the subsequent Seigneurs of Sark through her children with husband William Thomas Collings.
Carteret is a surname of Norman origin. It derives from Carteret, Normandy, an inhabited place on the northwest coast of the Cotentin peninsula, facing the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands are the only remnant of the Duchy of Normandy, the original territorial holding of William the Conqueror, who invaded England in 1066. Historically, members of the Carteret family have occupied influential positions in the Channel Islands, notably as hereditary Seigneurs of Sark and hereditary Bailiffs of Jersey.
Elias Dumaresq, 5th Seigneur of Augres was born in 1674 and was a Seigneur of Augres located in the parish of Trinity, Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands, He belonged to the influential Dumaresq family.
The Seigneur of Augrès is a noble title in Jersey, which still follows the Norman system. They traditionally lived in Les Augrès Manor, which was actually in the fief of Diélament and not Augrès.
Elias Dumaresq, 3rd Seigneur of Augrès was born to Abraham Dumaresq, 2nd Seigneur of Augrès and Susan de Carteret daughter of Philippe de Carteret I, 2nd Seigneur of Sark and his wife Racheal Paulet. He was a Royalist and a Jurat of the Royal Court.
From the Middle Ages, the Channel Islands were administered according to a feudal system. Alongside the parishes of Jersey and Guernsey, the fief provided a basic framework for rural life; the system began with the Norman system and largely remained similar to it. Feudalism has retained a more prominent role in the Channel Islands than in the UK. The Channel Islands are remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and are held directly by the crown on a feudal basis as they are self-governing possessions of the British Crown. This peculiarity underscores the deep-seated influence of feudalism in the Channel Islands; their allegiance is not so much to England but rather directly to the monarch.
References
- ↑ Ewen, Alfred Harry; Carteret, Allan Roper De (1969). The Fief of Sark. Guernsey P. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-902550-00-1.
- ↑ Ewen, Alfred Harry; Carteret, Allan Roper De (1969). The Fief of Sark. Guernsey P. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-902550-00-1.
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