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Consociationalism is a form of democratic power sharing. Political scientists define a consociational state as one which has major internal divisions along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines, but which remains stable due to consultation among the elites of these groups. Consociational states are often contrasted with states with majoritarian electoral systems.
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Brendan O'Leary is an Irish political scientist, who is Lauder Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He was formerly a professor at the London School of Economics. In 2009–10 he was the second Senior Advisor on Power-Sharing in the Standby Team of the Mediation Support Unit of the Department of Political Affairs of the United Nations.
Power sharing is a practice in conflict resolution where multiple groups distribute political, military, or economic power among themselves according to agreed rules. It can refer to any formal framework or informal pact that regulates the distribution of power between divided communities. Since the end of the Cold War, power-sharing systems have become increasingly commonplace in negotiating settlements for armed conflict. Two common theoretical approaches to power sharing are consociationalism and centripetalism.
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Centripetalism, sometimes called integrationism, is a form of democratic power sharing for divided societies which aims to encourage the parties towards moderate and compromising policies and to reinforce the center of a divided political spectrum. As a theory, centripetalism developed out of the criticism of consociationalism by Donald L. Horowitz. Both models aim to provide institutional prescriptions for divided societies. While consociationalism aims to give inclusion and representation to each ethnic group, centripetalism aims to depoliticize ethnicity and to encourage the establishment of multi-ethnic parties.
References
- ↑ "Professor McGarry Recognized as Distinguished University Professor" . Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ↑ "Brendan O'Leary". Penn Program in Ethnic Conflict. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
- ↑ "Google Scholar" . Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- ↑ Barry White (18 September 1999). "Patten...finding the gems in the detail". The Belfast Telegraph .
- ↑ "John McGarry". Department of Political Studies, Queen's University. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ↑ "Three Queen's professors named to Royal Society of Canada". Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ↑ "Political Studies professor wins prestigious Trudeau Fellowship Prize" . Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ↑ "The Royal Society of Canada (RSC) Awards Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medals" . Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ↑ "The Canada Council for the Arts announces $500,000 in Killam Prizes". Archived from the original on 3 May 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ↑ "John McGarry receives Innis-Gérin Medal from Royal Society of Canada" . Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ↑ "McGarry's 'Making Peace' Recognized by COU" . Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ↑ "Canada's Honour Roll". The Globe and Mail. 30 June 2016.
- ↑ "Congratulations to our latest Canada Council prize winners" . Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ↑ McGarry, John; O'Leary, Brendan (2006). "Consociational theory, Northern Ireland's conflict, and its Agreement. Part 1: What consociationalists can learn from Northern Ireland" (PDF). Government and Opposition. 41 (1): 43–63. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00170.x. S2CID 51749982.
- ↑ Taylor, Rupert, ed. (2009). Consociational Theory: McGarry and O'Leary and the Northern Ireland Conflict. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42913-9.
