John Oghalai

Last updated
John Oghalai
John S. Oghalai, MD.jpg
Born(1968-12-14)December 14, 1968
Wisconsin
Alma mater University of Wisconsin–Madison
Scientific career
Fields Otorhinolaryngology
Institutions Baylor College of Medicine

Stanford University School of Medicine

Keck School of Medicine of USC

John Oghalai (born December 14, 1968)[ citation needed ] is an American physician and scientist. He is the Leon J. Tiber and David S. Alpert Chair in Medicine at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and chair of the USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology. [1] [2] Oghalai is an otolaryngologist. [3] His research focuses on anatomical [4] and molecular mechanisms in hearing and in ear and hearing disorders. [5] [6]

Contents

Early life and education

Oghalai grew up in Madison (Wisconsin) with his father Rahim, mother Karen (née Herbert), and brother Mark, who also became a doctor. [7] [8] [9] Oghalai went to a Madison High School and became an Eagle Scout in 1983. [7] [10] He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1990, and his medical degree in 1994, both at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. [11]

Career

In 2003, Oghalai joined the faculty at the Baylor College of Medicine as an assistant professor. [12] [13] He served as director at The Hearing Center at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, TX in 2005. [14] He became an associate professor at Baylor in 2009. [15] [13]

In 2010, Oghalai moved to Stanford University School of Medicine as an associate professor and became a full professor in 2015. [6] [13] He became professor of otolaryngology and director of the Children’s Hearing Center at Stanford’s Lucile Packard Children's Hospital in 2016. [4]

In 2017, Oghalai moved to University of Southern California [16] to become chair of the Caruso Department of Otolaryngology at the Keck School of Medicine. [17]

As an otolaryngology clinician, Oghalai has treated patients with issues that include noise-induced hearing loss, [4] benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), [3] Bell’s palsy and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. [18] In addition, Oghalai treated rare diseases such as cholesteatoma. [19] [20] [21]

Research

In a 2000 study, Oghalai and colleagues examined incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in geriatric patients at a Houston hospital. They found that 9% of the sample population had undiagnosed BPPV, [3] a predictor of fall risk, depression, and difficulties with daily activities. [22] [23]

To help understand mechanisms of hearing loss brought on by explosive pressures such as those soldiers experience when exposed to roadside bombs, in 2013 Oghalai and his team studied blast effects on hearing in mice. They found that the main traumatic damage leading to noise-induced hearing loss was to cochlear hair and nerve cells, [24] the cells responsible for translating pressure waves into the nerve signals in hearing. [6] [25]

In 2018, Oghalai and colleagues studied molecular dimensions of noise-induced hearing loss in mice by using optical coherence tomography, an imaging technique that allows in vivo (instead of invasive) observation and measurement. They found that after blasts damage hair cells, there is also a build up of ionized potassium in cochlear fluid. [5] The findings showed how high concentrations of potassium disrupts hair and nerve cells, whose degeneration or synaptopathy contributes to hearing loss. [26] [27] [28]

In 2022 Oghalai and colleagues published results for a longitudinal study on the effects of cochlear implants on deaf children with developmental delays. They compared cohorts of children who received the implants to a cohort of children who, due to insurance protocols, were only given hearing aids. The children who received implants showed improved cognitive and behavioral functioning. [29] [30] [31]

Personal life

John Oghalai is married to Tracy Nguyen-Oghalai, a rheumatologist. They have two sons, Kevin [32] and Tom. [2]

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hearing loss</span> Partial or total inability to hear

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. Hearing loss may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to acquire spoken language, and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work. Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss. In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.

This is a glossary of medical terms related to communication disorders which are psychological or medical conditions that could have the potential to affect the ways in which individuals can hear, listen, understand, speak and respond to others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholesteatoma</span> Medical condition

Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. Cholesteatomas are not cancerous as the name may suggest, but can cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties. This can result in the destruction of the bones of the middle ear (ossicles), as well as growth through the base of the skull into the brain. They often become infected and can result in chronically draining ears. Treatment almost always consists of surgical removal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eardrum</span> Membrane separating the external ear from the middle ear

In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and then to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. Hence, it ultimately converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cochlear implant</span> Prosthesis

A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis that provides a person who has moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss with sound perception. With the help of therapy, cochlear implants may allow for improved speech understanding in both quiet and noisy environments. A CI bypasses acoustic hearing by direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Through everyday listening and auditory training, cochlear implants allow both children and adults to learn to interpret those signals as speech and sound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ear</span> Organ of hearing and balance

An ear is the organ that enables hearing and body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals the ear is usually described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles. The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ear is a self cleaning organ through its relationship with earwax and the ear canals. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo</span> Medical condition

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear. Symptoms are repeated, brief periods of vertigo with movement, characterized by a spinning sensation upon changes in the position of the head. This can occur with turning in bed or changing position. Each episode of vertigo typically lasts less than one minute. Nausea is commonly associated. BPPV is one of the most common causes of vertigo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audiology</span> Branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders

Audiology is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. By employing various testing strategies, audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing are affected, to what degree, and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found. If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation.

Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a hearing disorder in which the outer hair cells of the cochlea are present and functional, but sound information is not transmitted sufficiently by the auditory nerve to the brain. Hearing loss with AN can range from normal hearing sensitivity to profound hearing loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vertigo</span> Type of dizziness where a person has the sensation of moving or surrounding objects moving

Vertigo is a condition in which a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. It may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking. It is typically worse when the head is moved. Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neurofibromatosis type II</span> Type of neurofibromatosis disease

Neurofibromatosis type II is a genetic condition that may be inherited or may arise spontaneously, and causes benign tumors of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. The types of tumors frequently associated with NF2 include vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. The main manifestation of the condition is the development of bilateral benign brain tumors in the nerve sheath of the cranial nerve VIII, which is the "auditory-vestibular nerve" that transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain. Besides, other benign brain and spinal tumors occur. Symptoms depend on the presence, localisation and growth of the tumor(s), in which multiple cranial nerves can be involved. Many people with this condition also experience vision problems. Neurofibromatosis type II is caused by mutations of the "Merlin" gene, which seems to influence the form and movement of cells. The principal treatments consist of neurosurgical removal of the tumors and surgical treatment of the eye lesions. Historically the underlying disorder has not had any therapy due to the cell function caused by the genetic mutation.

The Dix–Hallpike or Nylén–Bárány test is a diagnostic maneuver from the group of rotation tests used to identify benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DizzyFIX</span>

The DizzyFIX is a home medical device designed to assist in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and its associated vertigo. The device is a head-worn representation of semi-circular canals. The device is filled with fluid and a particle representing the otoconia associated with BPPV. The device works like a visual set of instructions and guides the user through the treatment maneuver for BPPV. This maneuver is called the particle repositioning maneuver or Epley maneuver.

A mastoidectomy is a procedure performed to remove the mastoid air cells, air bubbles in the skull, near the inner ears. This can be done as part of treatment for mastoiditis, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. In addition, it is sometimes performed as part of other procedures or for access to the middle ear. There are classically 5 different types of mastoidectomy:

The Epley maneuver or repositioning maneuver is a maneuver used by medical professionals to treat one common cause of vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior or anterior canals of the ear. The maneuver works by allowing free-floating particles, displaced otoconia, from the affected semicircular canal to be relocated by using gravity, back into the utricle, where they can no longer stimulate the cupula, therefore relieving the patient of bothersome vertigo. The maneuver was developed by the physician, John M. Epley, and was first described in 1980.

Vestibular migraine (VM) is vertigo with migraine, either as a symptom of migraine or as a related neurological disorder.

Hearing Health Foundation (HHF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. In 2011, the Deafness Research Foundation changed its name to Hearing Health Foundation.

Monita Chatterjee is an auditory scientist and the Director of the Auditory Prostheses & Perception Laboratory at Boys Town National Research Hospital. She investigates the basic mechanisms underlying auditory processing by cochlear implant listeners.

Sharon G. Kujawa is a clinical audiologist, Director of Audiology Research at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology at Harvard Medical School, and Adjunct Faculty of Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology.and specialist in otolaryngology, Her specialty is the effects of noise exposure and aging on auditory function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anita Bhandari</span> Indian surgeon

Anita Bhandari is an Indian neurotologist, otorhinolaryngologist, entrepreneur and author based in Jaipur. She is the co-founder and director of NeuroEquilibrium, which has set up over 175 dizziness and balance disorder clinics in India and abroad.

References

  1. ↑ "John S. Oghalai, MD". USC Health Sciences Profiles. University of Southern California. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 "John S. Oghalai to lead otolaryngology". HSC News. University of Southern California. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Span, Paula (26 February 2016). "An Easy Fix for Vertigo". New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 Oksman, Olga (31 August 2016). "NYC subway exposes commuters to noise as loud as a jet engine". Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  5. 1 2 Wallis, Claudia (1 August 2018). "Ba-Boom! There Goes Your Hearing". Scientific American. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 Fulton, Robert (28 July 2013). "Some Hearing Loss Can Be Reversed, New Study Finds". Men's Journal. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  7. 1 2 "Masons cite scholars". Wisconsin State Journal. 17 May 1986.
  8. ↑ "Obituary - Maxwell Herbert". Detroit Free Press, p. 21. 21 May 1995.
  9. ↑ "Engagements - Williams/Oghalai". Wisconsin State Journal. 5 August 2001.
  10. ↑ "Three Boy Scouts get Eagle Awards Eagle Awards". Wisconsin State Journal. 29 March 1983.
  11. ↑ "Graduation: Bioengeneering". Rice University General Announcements. 2006/07: 103. 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  12. ↑ Sharos, David (28 January 2006). "Volume of hearing loss rising". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  13. 1 2 3 "Faculty: John S. Oghalai". keck.usc.edu. University of Southern California. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. ↑ Irvine, Martha (23 September 2005). "What's that?; Experts say increased headphone use exacerbates hearing loss in youth". The Record (Kitchener, Ont.).
  15. ↑ Beam, Christopher (21 March 2007). "Can You Hear Without Ears? Can you smell without a nose?". Slate. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  16. ↑ Strickland, Anais (30 April 2017). "Appointments, Resignations, Deaths". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  17. ↑ Becker, Rachel (16 September 2017). "Weaponizing sound: could sonic devices have injured diplomats in Cuba?". Verge. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  18. ↑ Mier, Tomás (10 June 2022). "Justin Bieber's Facial Paralysis Could Take 'Months' to Heal, Experts Say". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  19. ↑ Kuo CL, Lien CF, Shiao AS (2014). "Mastoid obliteration for pediatric suppurative cholesteatoma: long-term safety and sustained effectiveness after 30 years' experience with cartilage obliteration". Audiol Neurootol. 19 (6): 358–69. doi:10.1159/000363685. PMID   25377728. S2CID   30283836.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ Egilmez OK, Hanege FM, Kalcioglu MT, Kaner T, Kokten N (2014). "Tegmen tympani defect and brain herniation secondary to mastoid surgery: case presentation". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2014: 756280. doi: 10.1155/2014/756280 . PMC   4129166 . PMID   25140266.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ McMurphy AB, Oghalai JS (2005). "Repair of iatrogenic temporal lobe encephalocele after canal wall down mastoidectomy in the presence of active cholesteatoma". Otol Neurotol. 26 (4): 587–94. doi:10.1097/01.mao.0000178119.46290.e1. PMID   16015151. S2CID   37589021.
  22. ↑ Laurent, G; Vereeck, L; Verbecque, E; Herssens, N; Casters, L; Spildooren, J (2022). "Effect of age on treatment outcomes in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A systematic review". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 70 (1): 281–293. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17485 . hdl: 1942/35743 . PMID   34698378. S2CID   239888032.
  23. ↑ Oghalai, JS; Manolidis, S; Barth, JL; Stewart, MG; Jenkins, HA (2000). "Unrecognized Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Elderly Patients". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 122 (5): 630–634. doi:10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70187-2. PMID   10793337. S2CID   33401924.
  24. ↑ Kindt, Katie S; Sheets, Lavinia (2018). "Transmission Disrupted: Modeling Auditory Synaptopathy in Zebrafish". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 6: 114. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00114 . PMC   6143809 . PMID   30258843.
  25. ↑ Cho, Sung-Il; Simon, S. Gao; Xia, Anping; Wang, Rosalie; Salles, Felipe T.; Raphael, Patrick D.; Abaya, Homer; Wachte, Jacqueline; Baek, Jongmin; Jacobs, David; Rasband, Matthew N.; Oghalai, John S. (1 July 2013). "Mechanisms of hearing loss after blast injury to the ear". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e67618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067618 . PMC   3698122 . PMID   23840874.
  26. ↑ Zhao, H; Zhu, Y; Liu, L (2021). "Excess extracellular K+ causes inner hair cell ribbon synapse degeneration". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 24. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01532-w. PMC   7782724 . PMID   33398038.
  27. ↑ Houser, Kristin (14 May 2018). "An Injection Of Salt In Your Eardrum Might Save You From A Lifetime Of Hearing Loss". Futurism. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  28. ↑ Kim, J; Xia, A; Grillet, N; Applegate, B.E.; Oghalai, J.S. (2018). "Osmotic stabilization prevents cochlear synaptopathy after blast trauma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (21): E4853–E4860. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720121115 . PMC   6003510 . PMID   29735658.
  29. ↑ Black, Lisa (24 May 2022). "Study Finds Benefits for Deaf Children With Developmental Delays Who Receive Cochlear Implants". AAP News. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  30. ↑ Katie, Hobbins (25 May 2022). "Cochlear implants benefit children with hearing loss and developmental delays, says study". Contemporary Pediatrics. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  31. ↑ Oghalai, JS; Bortfeld, H; Feldman, HM; Chimalakonda, N; Emery, C; Choi, JS; Zhou, S (2022). "Cochlear implants for deaf children with early developmental impairment". Pediatrics. 149 (6). doi:10.1542/peds.2021-055459. PMC   9648123 . PMID   35607935.
  32. ↑ Dong, Jocelyn (23 March 2013). "Small wonders: using books, front yards to foster neighborliness". Palo Alto Weekly. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
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