Related Research Articles
Allen Newell was an American researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND Corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science,Tepper School of Business,and Department of Psychology. He contributed to the Information Processing Language (1956) and two of the earliest AI programs,the Logic Theorist (1956) and the General Problem Solver (1957). He was awarded the ACM's A.M. Turing Award along with Herbert A. Simon in 1975 for their contributions to artificial intelligence and the psychology of human cognition.
Edward Albert Feigenbaum is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence,and joint winner of the 1994 ACM Turing Award. He is often called the "father of expert systems."
John McCarthy was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. He co-authored the document that coined the term "artificial intelligence" (AI),developed the programming language family Lisp,significantly influenced the design of the language ALGOL,popularized time-sharing,and invented garbage collection.
Computer ethics is a part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of computer science that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence,ethics,consciousness,epistemology,and free will. Furthermore,the technology is concerned with the creation of artificial animals or artificial people so the discipline is of considerable interest to philosophers. These factors contributed to the emergence of the philosophy of artificial intelligence.
The International Association for Computing and Philosophy (IACAP) is a professional,philosophical association emerging from a history of conferences that began in 1986. Adopting its mission from these conferences,the IACAP exists in order to promote scholarly dialogue on all aspects of the computational/informational turn and the use of computers in the service of philosophy.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence:
Aaron Sloman is a philosopher and researcher on artificial intelligence and cognitive science. He held the Chair in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham,and before that a chair with the same title at the University of Sussex. Since retiring he is Honorary Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at Birmingham. He has published widely on philosophy of mathematics,epistemology,cognitive science,and artificial intelligence;he also collaborated widely,e.g. with biologist Jackie Chappell on the evolution of intelligence.
Robot ethics,sometimes known as "roboethics",concerns ethical problems that occur with robots,such as whether robots pose a threat to humans in the long or short run,whether some uses of robots are problematic,and how robots should be designed such that they act 'ethically'. Alternatively,roboethics refers specifically to the ethics of human behavior towards robots,as robots become increasingly advanced. Robot ethics is a sub-field of ethics of technology,specifically information technology,and it has close links to legal as well as socio-economic concerns. Researchers from diverse areas are beginning to tackle ethical questions about creating robotic technology and implementing it in societies,in a way that will still ensure the safety of the human race.
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within the field that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic biases,fairness,automated decision-making,accountability,privacy,and regulation. It also covers various emerging or potential future challenges such as machine ethics,lethal autonomous weapon systems,arms race dynamics,AI safety and alignment,technological unemployment,AI-enabled misinformation,how to treat certain AI systems if they have a moral status,artificial superintelligence and existential risks.
Ronald Craig Arkin is an American roboticist and roboethicist,and a Regents' Professor in the School of Interactive Computing,College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is known for the motor schema technique in robot navigation and for his book Behavior-Based Robotics.
Manuela Maria Veloso is the Head of J.P. Morgan AI Research &Herbert A. Simon University Professor Emeritus in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University,where she was previously Head of the Machine Learning Department. She served as president of Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) until 2014,and the co-founder and a Past President of the RoboCup Federation. She is a fellow of AAAI,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE),American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS),and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). She is an international expert in artificial intelligence and robotics.
Machine ethics is a part of the ethics of artificial intelligence concerned with adding or ensuring moral behaviors of man-made machines that use artificial intelligence,otherwise known as artificial intelligent agents. Machine ethics differs from other ethical fields related to engineering and technology. It should not be confused with computer ethics,which focuses on human use of computers. It should also be distinguished from the philosophy of technology,which concerns itself with technology's grander social effects.
In the philosophy of artificial intelligence,GOFAI is classical symbolic AI,as opposed to other approaches,such as neural networks,situated robotics,narrow symbolic AI or neuro-symbolic AI. The term was coined by philosopher John Haugeland in his 1985 book Artificial Intelligence:The Very Idea.
Peter Stone is an American computer scientist who holds the Truchard Foundation Chair of Computer Science at The University of Texas at Austin. He is also Chief Scientist of Sony AI,an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow,Guggenheim Fellow,AAAI Fellow,IEEE Fellow,AAAS Fellow,ACM Fellow,and Fulbright Scholar.
ACM SIGAI is the Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI),an interdisciplinary group of academic and industrial researchers,practitioners,software developers,end users,and students who work together to promote and support the growth and application of AI principles and techniques throughout computing. SIGAI is one of the oldest special interest groups in the ACM. SIGAI,previously called SIGART,started in 1966,publishing the SIGART Newsletter that later became the SIGART Bulletin and Intelligence Magazine.
Positive computing is a technological design perspective that embraces psychological well-being and ethical practice,aiming at building a digital environment to support happier and healthier users. Positive computing develops approaches that integrate insights from psychology,education,neuroscience,and HCI with technological development. The purpose of positive computing is to bridge the technology and mental health worlds. Indeed,there are computer and mental health workshops that are aimed to bring people from both communities together.
William "Chuck" Easttom II is an American computer scientist specializing in cyber security,cryptography,quantum computing,and systems engineering.
Alan Winfield is a British engineer and educator. He is Professor of Robot Ethics at UWE Bristol,Honorary Professor at the University of York,and Associate Fellow in the Cambridge Centre for the Future of Intelligence. He chairs the advisory board of the Responsible Technology Institute,University of Oxford.
Fakhreddine (Fakhri) Karray is a Tunisian-Canadian artificial intelligence scientist,electrical and computer engineer,author,and academic. He served as the Loblaws Research Chair of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Waterloo's (UWaterloo) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,and as the inaugural Co-Director of the Waterloo AI Institute at UWaterloo. Having previously served as the Provost of Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),he serves as a Professor of Machine Learning at the university and as an Emeritus Professor at the University of Waterloo's Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
References
- ↑ "Herbert A. Simon Award for Outstanding Research in Computing & Philosophy, Deadline: 5 Apr 2021". resources.illc.uva.nl.
- ↑ Spinello, Richard A. "The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics". NDPR.
- ↑ Dalton-Brown, Sally (January 2020). "The Ethics of Medical AI and the Physician-Patient Relationship". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 29 (1): 115–121. doi:10.1017/S0963180119000847. ISSN 0963-1801.
- ↑ "John P. Sullins". IEEE Xplore .
- ↑ "John P. Sullins". cas.au.dk.
- ↑ "John P. Sullins". ORCID.
This article incorporates text available under the CC0 license.
