The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,commonly known as the 9/11 Commission,was set up on November 27,2002,to investigate all aspects of the September 11 attacks,the deadliest terrorist attack in world history. It was created by Congressional legislation,which charged it with preparing "a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11 attacks",including preparedness by the U.S. federal government for the attacks,the response following the attacks,and steps that can be taken to guard against a future terrorist attack.
The director of national intelligence (DNI) is a senior cabinet-level United States government official,required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All 18 IC agencies,including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA),report directly to the DNI.
The Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the supervision of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA) is a 235-page Act of Congress,signed by President George W. Bush,that broadly affects United States federal terrorism laws. The act comprises several separate titles with varying subject issues. It was enacted in response to the terror attacks of September 11,2001.
James Brien Comey Jr. is an American lawyer who was the seventh director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 2013 until his termination in May 2017. Comey was a registered Republican for most of his adult life but in 2016 he stated he was unaffiliated.
Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States,in the context of the early twenty-first century War on Terrorism,refers to foreign nationals the United States detains outside of the legal process required within United States legal jurisdiction. In this context,the U.S. government is maintaining torture centers,called black sites,operated by both known and secret intelligence agencies. Such black sites were later confirmed by reports from journalists,investigations,and from men who had been imprisoned and tortured there,and later released after being tortured until the CIA was comfortable they had done nothing wrong,and had nothing to hide.
In February 2006,three men in Toledo,Ohio were arrested and charged with conspiracy to provide material support to terrorists in Iraq and engage in violent jihad in their home town,as well as making verbal threats against the President of the United States. The investigation was conducted by the FBI and the Toledo Joint Terrorism Task Force,with the cooperation of an informant called 'The Trainer' who has a U.S. military background in security. The Cleveland FBI Special Agent in Charge C. Frank Figliuzzi and the U.S. attorney's general office credited the local Muslim and Arab-American community for passing along the information that led to the arrest of the three terror suspects.
Sachems and sagamores are paramount chiefs among the Algonquians or other Native American tribes of northeastern North America,including the Iroquois. The two words are anglicizations of cognate terms from different Eastern Algonquian languages. Some sources indicate the sagamore was a lesser chief elected by a single band,while the sachem was the head or representative elected by a tribe or group of bands;others suggest the two terms were interchangeable. The positions are elective,not hereditary. Although not strictly hereditary the title of Sachem is often passed through the equivalent of tanistry.
This article deals with the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the federal government of the United States that constitute violations of human rights.
The 9/11 Commission,which investigated the terrorist September 11 attacks on the United States,was subject to a variety of criticisms by politicians,government officers,and private groups and citizens. The commission was created on November 27,2002 by a bill passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush.
The Communications Exploitation Section (CXS),established in December 2002,is an office of the Operations II branch of the FBI Counterterrorism Division,which is tasked with analyzing captured communications data to identify and monitor "terrorist" networks.
Erroll G. Southers is an American expert in transportation security and counterterrorism. He is the author of Homegrown Violent Extremism (2013). Southers is a Professor of the Practice in National &Homeland Security,the Director of Homegrown Violent Extremism Studies and the Director of the Safe Communities Institute at the University of Southern California (USC) Sol Price School of Public Policy. He is also the research area leader for Countering Violent Extremism at the DHS National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) and managing director,counter-terrorism &infrastructure protection at TAL Global Corporation. He was assistant chief of the Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) police department's office of homeland security and intelligence. He is a former special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and was deputy director of homeland security under California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. In 2009 he was nominated by President Barack Obama to become head of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA),but Southers withdrew.
The High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG) is a U.S. three-agency intelligence-gathering entity that brings together intelligence professionals from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),and the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It is administratively housed within the FBI's National Security Branch.
George Patrick Smith II is an American academic. Until 2016 he was a professor of law at the Columbus School of Law at The Catholic University of America. He is now an emeritus professor at Catholic University,a Resident Fellow at The Institute for Advanced Study at Indiana University,and an Affiliated Scholar at The Georgetown University School of Medicine's Center for Global Health,Science and Security in Washington,D.C.
A Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team,sometimes Visible Intermodal Protection and Response (VIPR) is a Transportation Security Administration program. Various government sources have differing descriptions of VIPR's exact mission. It is specifically authorized by 6 U.S.C. § 1112 which says that the program is to "augment the security of any mode of transportation at any location within the United States". Authority for the program is under the Secretary of Homeland Security. The program falls under TSA's Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service. TSA OLE/FAMS shares responsibility for the program with the Office of Security Operations and Transportation Sector Network Management.
Douglas Hofsass is a former Assistant Administrator in the United States Department of Homeland Security,assigned to the Transportation Security Administration. In addition to his role as the Assistant Administrator overseeing risk based security and trusted traveler programs,he also served as the Federal Security Director in New York City. As part of his responsibilities in New York City,he oversaw the first implementation of federal security operations under DHS at the Downtown Manhattan Heliport and the East 34th Street Heliport for commercial helicopter flights to John F Kennedy International Airport,Newark Liberty International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. Hofsass also held the posts of General Manager of Commercial Aviation and Deputy Assistant Administrator for Policy and Industry Engagement for the Transportation Security Administration. He was heavily involved in launching the TSA PreCheck Program,and claimed a collaborative partnership with the US Customs Department and their Global Entry Program. Hofsass served at the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 until 2013,including several years working directly for Administrators John S. Pistole,Kip Hawley and Gale Rossides. Prior to his Federal executive service,Hofsass was with United Airlines management for nearly 10 years. Hofsass returned to the commercial aviation sector in 2013.
John Philip Mudd is an American media commentator and former counterterrorism official in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 9/11 Review Commission was formed by Congress in January 2014 to conduct a comprehensive review of the recommendations related to the FBI that were proposed by the original 9/11 Commission. The commission,which was publicly announced by Republican Congressman Frank Wolf of Virginia,consisted of three congressionally appointed members supported by an executive director and staff.
