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Barry Gordon Buzan, FBA, FAcSS is a British political scientist. He is an Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and a honorary professor at the University of Copenhagen and Jilin University. Until 2012 he was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the LSE. Buzan sketched the Regional Security Complex Theory and is therefore together with Ole Wæver a central figure of the Copenhagen School.
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Cultural studies is a politically engaged postdisciplinary academic field that explores the dynamics of especially contemporary culture and its social and historical foundations. Cultural studies researchers generally investigate how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with, or operating through, social phenomena. These include ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation. Employing cultural analysis, cultural studies views cultures not as fixed, bounded, stable, and discrete entities, but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. The field of cultural studies encompasses a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives and practices. Although distinct from the discipline of cultural anthropology and the interdisciplinary field of ethnic studies, cultural studies draws upon and has contributed to each of these fields.
Critical realism is a philosophical approach to understanding science, and in particular social science, initially developed by Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014). It specifically opposes forms of empiricism and positivism by viewing science as concerned with identifying causal mechanisms. In the last decades of the twentieth century it also stood against various forms of postmodernism and poststructuralism by insisting on the reality of objective existence. In contrast to positivism's methodological foundation, and poststructuralism's epistemological foundation, critical realism insists that (social) science should be built from an explicit ontology. Critical realism is one of a range of types of philosophical realism, as well as forms of realism advocated within social science such as analytic realism and subtle realism.
Anna Leander is a sociologist and political scientist. Leander is currently a professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She previously taught at the Copenhagen Business School and the Inst. de Relacoes Internacionais, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Leander is well known for her work in critical security studies and international political sociology. Theoretically, Leander has played an important role in bringing the work of Pierre Bourdieu into conversation with the discipline of International Relations, as well as more recently working with materialist and pragmatist sociologies. Empirically, much of her work focuses on the contours of private military contractors, drones, and the politics of knowledge in a digital context. Leander has supported the development of International Political Sociology as an editor, through engagement with professional organizations and research evaluation as well as through her investment with education. Anna Leander was associate editor of International Political Sociology until 2017 and is currently associate editor of Security Dialogue and Contexto Internacional and co-editor of the Routledge Series in Private Security Studies. Leander has served on the Norwegian and Swedish Research Councils, numerous research evaluation boards as well as on the advisory boards of DIIS, the Danish Institute for International Studies and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies. She was a co-founder of the International Political Sociology section of the International Studies Association, she co-developed/co-directed the International Business and Politics Program of the Copenhagen Business School, and she has supported/supervised numerous doctoral projects. She is the founder of the University of Copenhagen's Centre for the Resolution of International Conflicts (CRIC).
Norman Kent Denzin was an American professor of sociology. He was an emeritus professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was research professor of communications, College of Communications scholar, professor of sociology, professor of cinema studies, professor in the Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory. Denzin's academic interests included interpretive theory, performance studies, qualitative research methodology, and the study of media, culture and society.
In literary criticism and cultural studies, postcritique is the attempt to find new forms of reading and interpretation that go beyond the methods of critique, critical theory, and ideological criticism. Such methods have been characterized as a "hermeneutics of suspicion" by Paul Ricœur and as a "paranoid" or suspicious style of reading by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Proponents of postcritique argue that the interpretive practices associated with these ways of reading are now unlikely to yield useful or even interesting results. As Rita Felski and Elizabeth S. Anker put it in the introduction to Critique and Postcritique, "the intellectual or political payoff of interrogating, demystifying, and defamiliarizing is no longer quite so self-evident." A postcritical reading of a literary text might instead emphasize emotion or affect, or describe various other phenomenological or aesthetic dimensions of the reader's experience. At other times, it might focus on issues of reception, explore philosophical insights gleaned via the process of reading, pose formalist questions of the text, or seek to resolve a "sense of confusion."
References
- 1 2 "VIPRE". VIPRE.
- ↑ "Jonathan AUSTIN | IHEID". graduateinstitute.ch.
- ↑ ”Doing and Mediating Critique: An Invitation to Practice Companionship“ Security Dialogue, 2019, 50 (1)
- ↑ “A Parasitic Critique for International Relations” International Political Sociology, 2019, 13 (2)
- ↑ “Critique and Post-Critique” Security Dialogue, 2019, 50 (4S)
- ↑ ”Towards an International Political Ergonomics” European Journal of International Relations, 2019, 25 (4)
- ↑ “Security Compositions” European Journal of International Security, 2019, 4 (3)
- ↑ ”Torture and the Material-Semiotic Networks of Violence Across Borders” International Political Sociology, 2016, 10 (1)
- ↑ “We have never been civilised: Torture and the Materiality of World Political Binaries” European Journal of International Relations, 2017, 23 (1).
- ↑ ”Becoming a Torturer: Towards a Global Ergonomics of Care” International Review of the Red Cross, 2017, 98 (903)
- ↑ "Faces of Peace". Geneva Peacebuilding Platform. December 11, 2017.