Jordanian Revolutionary Movement

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Jordanian Revolutionary Movement
الحركة الثورية الأردنية
Leaders Nezar al-Hindawi (founder)
FoundationMarch, 1985
Ideology Palestinian nationalism
Anti-Hashemite ideas
Anti-Zionism
StatusAlmost inactive
AlliesFlag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Ba'athist Syria
Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Gaddafist Libya

The Jordanian Revolutionary Movement (also sometimes called Jordanian Revolutionary Movement for National Salvation [1] [2] [3] or Jordanian Revolutionary Movement for National Survival [4] ) is an anti-Hashemite militant organization in Jordan founded by terrorist Nezar al-Hindawi, his brother Nasi and friend Farouk Salameh. [5] The movement's goal was to fight Israel and overthrow King Hussein of Jordan. [6] The group was formed with the huge assistance of Syrian intelligence services. The group mostly received support from Gaddafist Libya and Ba'athist Syria. [1] [7]

History

The organization was formed in March 1985 (according to other sources, in 1984 [8] ) in Nasi's apartment in Berlin. [5] Syria provided a lot of assistance to Hindawi in forming the organization. [9] After its formation, Syria supplied the movement with weapons and money. [10] [11] Many members of the organization also underwent military training in camps in Syria. [12] The movement also had positive connections with Abu Nidal Organization. [13] The organization was extremely anti-Israel and opposed to King Hussein of Jordan. [4] [14] Movement declared the "spilling of Jewish blood is legitimate and permissible until the end of the world." [15]

As early as July 1985, Hindawi traveled to Libya to establish contacts with Muammar Gaddafi and secure greater funding. Libya suggested that Hindawi again seek Syrian assistance. In January 1986, Hindawi met with senior Syrian intelligence officers and began planning an attack on an El Al airliner (which later became known as the Hindawi affair). [1] [16] The organization has been responsible for a number of terrorist attacks (mostly in Jordan) and, as of 2013, was still said to be carrying out them. [11] For example, the movement is responsible (according to Nasi al-Hindawi) for the bombing of the German-Arab Friendship Society building in Berlin on March 29, 1986. The aim of the attack was stated to be to gain Syria's respect and financial support. [17] Other sources, however, noted that the organization was very small. [16] [18]

The attitude of other Islamist organizations towards the movement was rather negative, mainly due to nature of its leader Hindawi (Many Islamist organizations have derogatorily called Hindawi a terrorist), who did not limit himself in sexual behavior as is accepted in Islam and openly consumed a lot of alcohol. [18] Hindawi was generally very fond of London's social life.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Grover, Verinder (2002). Encyclopaedia of International Terrorism. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN   978-81-7629-301-3.
  2. ↑ Rabinovich, Itamar (2019-04-02). Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume X, 1986. Routledge. ISBN   978-0-429-71866-3.
  3. ↑ Vincent, Billie H. (November 2012). Bombers, Hijackers, Body Scanners, and Jihadists. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN   978-1-4797-2719-3.
  4. 1 2 "JORDANIAN IS FOUND GUILTY; GETS 45 YEARS IN EL AL PLOT (Published 1986)". 1986-10-25. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  5. 1 2 Taylor, Maxwell; Quayle, Ethel (1994). Terrorist Lives. Brassey's. ISBN   978-0-08-041327-3.
  6. ↑ "Prosecutors said today an Arab accused of sending his... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  7. ↑ Jongman, A. J. (2017-07-28). Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-351-49860-9.
  8. ↑ "Two Arabs Convicted In Berlin Bombing". The Washington Post. 1986-11-27. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  9. ↑ Walsh, R. Stephen (2021-03-31). Key Cases in Forensic and Criminological Psychology. SAGE. ISBN   978-1-5297-5742-2.
  10. ↑ Silke, Andrew (2003-11-14). Terrorists, Victims and Society: Psychological Perspectives on Terrorism and its Consequences. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-0-470-86440-1.
  11. 1 2 Ackley, Edward P. (2013-10-28). The Current Fight Within: The Effects Terrorism Has on People, Policy, Emergency First Responders, and Military Service Members. AuthorHouse. ISBN   978-1-4817-0738-1.
  12. ↑ "TERRORISM: UNITED STATES-BRITISH (05/27/1986-09/30/1986)" (PDF). Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. 2007.
  13. ↑ Chalk, Peter (2012-11-21). Encyclopedia of Terrorism: [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN   978-0-313-38535-3.
  14. ↑ Pipes, Daniel (1989). "Terrorism: The Syrian Connection".
  15. ↑ "Newspapers: Hindawi free-lance terrorist for Abu Nidal - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  16. 1 2 Imady, Omar (2024-07-09). An Inside Story of Modern Syria: The Unauthorised Biography of a Damascene Reformer. Pen and Sword History. ISBN   978-1-5267-8047-8.
  17. ↑ "Prosecutors say two Jordanians charged with bombing a German-Arab... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  18. 1 2 Syed, M. H. (2002). Islamic Terrorism: Myth Or Reality. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN   978-81-7835-140-7.
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