Jose Glover

Last updated

Joseph Glover, typically referred to as Jose or Josse, (died late 1638) was an English nonconformist minister, noted for being a pioneer of printing in the English colonies of North America and one of the people instrumental in establishing Harvard College.

Glover was Rector of Sutton, then in the county of Surrey, from 1628 to 1636. He married for the second time in around 1630, marrying Elizabeth Harris, the daughter of Reverend Nathaniel Harris, Rector of Bletchingley in Surrey. [1]

Glover visited New England in around 1634 and garnered support for what would become Harvard College. He managed to purchase a printing press and equipment from securing funds in both England and Holland and signed an agreement with blacksmiths Stephen and Matthew Daye and three workers on 7 June 1638 in Cambridge to ship the equipment to America aboard the John of London ship and later operate it. [2] Glover died of fever while on the voyage back to America later in 1638, [2] but his wife and the Daye brothers were able to continue with his work in setting up a printing press in New England. [3]

The American Antiquary Society document that Glover had written his will on 16 May 1638, and it was approved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on 22 December of that year. [4]

Using the equipment that Glover had purchased, Daye published The Free Man's Oath in 1639, which was documentation for an oath of allegiance to the colonists. The Whole Booke of Psalmes, published the following year in 1640 which became the first full-length book to be published in the New World. [5]

Elizabeth remarried in June 1641 to Henry Dunster, Harvard's first president. After her death in 1643, [6] the printing press was donated to Harvard, beginning the Harvard University Press. [7] Jose and Elizabeth Glover's son, John, who also became a graduate of Harvard, was a doctor, and died in 1668. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theophilus Eaton</span> British merchant and politician c. 1590–1658

Theophilus Eaton was a wealthy New England Puritan merchant and diplomat. He became 1st Governor of New Haven Colony, Connecticut, cofounder of that same colony and cofounder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. His brother, Nathaniel Eaton, was the first Head of Harvard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nathaniel Eaton</span>

Nathaniel Eaton was the first Headmaster of Harvard, President designate, and builder of Harvard's first College, Yard, and Library, in 1636. Nathaniel was also the uncle of Samuel Eaton, one of the seven founding members and signatories of the Harvard Corporation by charter in 1650.

The “Oath of a Freeman” was a loyalty pledge required of all new members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s. Printed as a broadside by Stephen Daye in 1639, it is the first document from a printing press known to have been produced in the present day United States. No copies are known to exist, but the text is known from a handwritten copy and a 1647 book.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Parker Winship</span>

George Parker Winship was an American librarian, author, teacher, and bibliographer born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard in 1893.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Daye</span>

Stephen Daye, Sr. emigrated from England to the British colony of Massachusetts and became the first printer in colonial America. He printed the Bay Psalm Book in 1640, the first book known to have been printed in the present day United States.

John Farmer was an American historian and genealogist, born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. He was the son of John Farmer and Lydia Richardson. He is buried at Concord, New Hampshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Bulkley</span>

Peter Bulkley was an influential early Puritan minister who left England for greater religious freedom in the American colony of Massachusetts. He was a founder of Concord, and was named by descendant Ralph Waldo Emerson in his poem about Concord, "Hamatreya".

Ezekiel Rogers was an English nonconformist clergyman, and Puritan settler of Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel Green (printer)</span> Colonial American printer (1615–1702)

Samuel Green was an early American printer, the first of several printers from the Green family who followed in his footsteps. One of Green's major accomplishments as a printer was the Eliot Indian Bible, translated by the missionary John Eliot, which became the first Bible to be printed in British America in 1663. Members of his family who also became printers include his sons Bartholomew, Bartholomew Green, Jr. and Joseph Dennie. Throughout his adult life Green also served in the Massachusetts Bay Colonial Militia, advancing to the rank of captain later in life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Langdon Sibley</span>

John Langdon Sibley was the librarian of Harvard University from 1856 to 1877.

Colonial American astronomy can be traced to the time when the English began colonizing in the New World during the 16th century. They brought with them their interest in astronomy. At first, astronomical thought in America was based on Aristotelian philosophy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Foster (printer)</span> American printer (1648–1681)

John Foster was an early American engraver and printer who lived in Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony when the colony was still in its infancy. He is credited with producing the first printed image in British colonial America, from a woodcut engraving of the Puritan minister Richard Mather. He also printed the first map to appear in the colonies. Foster graduated from Harvard University, but was a self-taught pioneer in American printmaking in woodcut, and also learned the art of typography from the Boston printer Marmaduke Johnson. He subsequently printed many works by prominent religious figures of the day in Massachusetts, and for a few years printed and published an annual almanac. His woodcut engravings were also used for the printing of official seals of the Massachusetts Bay Colony used by the provincial government.

<i>Eliot Indian Bible</i> First Bible published in British North America

The Eliot Indian Bible was the first translation of the Christian Bible into an indigenous American language, as well as the first Bible published in British North America. It was prepared by English Puritan missionary John Eliot by translating the Geneva Bible into the Massachusett language. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the work first appeared in 1661 with only the New Testament. An edition including all 66 books of both the Old and New Testaments was printed in 1663.

The John of London was a ship famous for bringing the first printing press to the British Colonies of North America; however, the first press in the American continent had arrived in 1536 in Mexico City by Juan Pablos in representation of Juan Cromberger.

Elijah Corlet was schoolmaster of the Cambridge Grammar School in Cambridge, Massachusetts for most of the late 17th century. Many of his pupils were early students of Harvard College, including the minister Cotton Mather. From 1672 to 1700, the Cambridge Grammar School sent more students to Harvard than any other school.

Elizabeth Glover was responsible for bringing the first printing press to the Thirteen Colonies. She established a press in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she printed Oath of a Freeman, An Almenack, and the Bay Psalm Book with the help of printer Stephen Daye. She married Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard University. After Glover's death, the printing press was gifted to Harvard, thus beginning the Harvard University Press.

Early American publishers and printers played a central role in the social, religious, political and commercial developments in colonial America, before, during, and after the American Revolution. Printing and publishing in the 17th and 18th centuries among the Thirteen Colonies of British North America first emerged as a result of religious enthusiasm and over the scarcity and subsequent great demand for bibles and other religious literature. By the mid-18th century, printing took on new proportions with the newspapers that began to emerge, most notably in Boston. When the British Crown began imposing new taxes, many of these newspapers became highly critical and outspoken about the British colonial government, which was widely considered unfair among the colonists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bibliography of early American publishers and printers</span>

Bibliography of early American publishers and printers is a selection of books, journals and other publications devoted to these topics covering their careers and other activities before, during and just after the American Revolution. Various works that are not primarily devoted to those topics, but whose content devotes itself to them in significant measure, are sometimes included here also. Works about Benjamin Franklin, a famous printer and publisher, among other things, are too numerous to list in this bibliography, can be found at Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin, and are generally not included here unless they are greatly devoted to Franklin's printing career. Single accounts of printers and publishers that occur in encyclopedia articles are neither included here.

Marmaduke Johnson was a London printer who was commissioned and sailed from England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1660 to assist Samuel Green in the printing of The Indian Bible, which had been laboriously translated by John Eliot into the Massachusett Indian language, which became the first Bible printed in America. Johnson is considered the first master printer to emerge in America. When he attempted to operate his own privately owned printing house in Boston, without an official license from the Crown, the Massachusetts General Court interceded and censured his operation, which in turn started one of the first 'Freedom of the Press' issues in colonial America. After several appeals the Court conceded, where Johnson moved to Boston, set up and outfitted his printing shop, and ultimately became the first printer in America allowed to operate his own private printing press. During his printing career, Johnson printed several works for Eliot containing religious material translated for the Indian nations of Massachusetts.

References

  1. Littlefield, George Emery (1907). The Early Massachusetts Press, 1638-1711. Club of Odd Volumes. p. 26.
  2. 1 2 3 Shipton, Clifford Kenyon; Sibley, John Langdon (1873). Sibley's Harvard Graduates Biographical Sketches of Those who Attended Harvard College - 1642-1658. Massachusetts Historical Society. p. 208-9.
  3. Columbia Encyclopedia 6th Edition. New York City: Columbia University Press. 2000. p. 1139. ISBN   0787650153. Online article at Encyclopedia.com
  4. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, Volumes 62–69. American Antiquarian Society. 1874. p. 9.
  5. Barden, Cindy (2001). Life in the Colonies, Grades 4 - 7. Mark Twain Media. p. 46. ISBN   9781580371759.
  6. Hruschka, John (2015). How Books Came to America - The Rise of the American Book Trade. Penn State University Press. p. 30. ISBN   9780271068381.
  7. "Stephen Day". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 29 October 2022.