Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is a mental disorder characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which have the technical term of subpersonalities or alternate personalities. Episodes of altered personality states often associate with difficulty in recalling certain events that is generally inconsistent with a typical case of forgetfulness. Individual subpersonalities have differing "memories, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions". Individuals with DID portray various symptoms through altered behaviors that are uniquely acquired to each person. Many cases of DID are comorbid, or are accompanied by other disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, substance misuse disorder, self-harm, or anxiety. Studies have identified that 2% of the general population and 3% of mentally disabled individuals admitted into hospitals in Europe and North America have been diagnosed with DID. The diagnosis of DID differs between sexes, where females more frequently makeup the population of DID diagnosed individuals compared to males.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterised by unstable relationships with other people, unstable sense of self and unstable emotions. There is often dangerous behavior and self-harm. People may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness and a fear of abandonment. Symptoms may be brought on by seemingly normal events. The behavior typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD. Up to 10% of people affected die by suicide.
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder with a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by exaggerated feelings of self-importance, excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Those affected often spend much time thinking about achieving power or success, or on their appearance. They often take advantage of the people around them. The behavior typically begins by early adulthood, and occurs across a variety of social situations.
Antisocial personality disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a long term pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others. A low moral sense or conscience is often apparent, as well as a history of crime, legal problems, or impulsive and aggressive behavior.
Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) is a Cluster C personality disorder. Those affected display a pattern of severe social anxiety, social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and rejection, and avoidance of social interaction despite a strong desire for intimacy. The behavior is usually noticed by early adulthood and occurs in most situations.
The Big Five personality traits, also known as the five-factor model (FFM) and the OCEAN model, is a taxonomy for personality traits. It is based on common language descriptors. When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data, some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as "always prepared" rather than "messy". This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments. This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology is a peer-reviewed medical journal. Before April 2009, it was titled Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology. It was established in 2004 and is published by the Nature Publishing Group.
Pathological lying is a behavior of habitual or compulsive lying.
Sadistic personality disorder is a personality disorder involving sadism which appeared in an appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R). The later versions of the DSM do not include it.
Psychopathy is traditionally a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits. It is sometimes considered synonymous with sociopathy. Different conceptions of psychopathy have been used throughout history that are only partly overlapping and may sometimes be contradictory.
The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Psychological Association that was established in 1965. It covers the fields of social and personality psychology. The editors-in-chief are Shinobu Kitayama, Kerry Kawakami, and M. Lynne Cooper.
The Journal of Abnormal Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association (APA). The journal has been in publication for over 110 years, and it is considered to be a "preeminent outlet for research in psychopathology".
Lee Anna Clark is a professor and William J. and Dorothy K. O’Neill Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. She used to be a professor and collegiate fellow at the University of Iowa. She was, as of 2007, the director of clinical training in the Clinical Science Program. Prior to her appointment at the University of Iowa, she was a professor of psychology at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Her research focuses on personality and temperament, clinical and personality assessment, psychometrics, mood, anxiety, and depression.
The Journal of Personality is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering personality psychology. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editor-in-chief is Howard Tennen. The journal covers research on personality, particularly on personality and behavior dynamics, personality development, and cognitive, affective, and interpersonal individual differences. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.59.
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. It was established in 2009 and covers research in personality psychology. The current editor-in-chief is Thomas A. Widiger of the University of Kentucky.
Personality and Mental Health: Multidisciplinary Studies from Personality Dysfunction to Criminal Behaviour is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Centre for Health and Justice. The journal was established in 2007 and covers research in mental health issues such as DSM-IV-defined personality disorders, psychopathy, and offending behaviour.
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier. It covers applied topics pertaining to autism spectrum disorders. The founding editor-in-chief was Johnny Matson, who was succeeded by Sebastian Gaigg in 2015. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.907.
The Journal of Anxiety Disorders is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of anxiety disorders. It was established in 1987 and is published bimonthly by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Gordon J. G. Asmundson. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.105.
The International Journal of Eating Disorders is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of eating disorders. It was established in 1981 and is published eight times per year by John Wiley & Sons. The editor-in-chief is Ruth Striegel Weissman. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.567, ranking it 22nd out of 81 journals in the category "Nutrition & Dietetics".
