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Californios are Hispanic Californians,especially those descended from Spanish and Mexican settlers of the 17th through 19th centuries before California was annexed by the United States. California's Spanish-speaking community has resided there since 1683 and is made up of varying Spanish and Mexican origins,including criollos,Mestizos,Indigenous Californian peoples,and small numbers of Mulatos. Alongside the Tejanos of Texas and Neomexicanos of New Mexico and Colorado,Californios are part of the larger Spanish-American/Mexican-American/Hispano community of the United States,which has inhabited the American Southwest and the West Coast since the 16th century. Some may also identify as Chicanos,a term that came about in the 1960s.
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Francisco Xavier Sepúlveda-García (1747–1788) was a Mexican colonial military officer and founder of the Sepúlveda family of California,a prominent Californio family of Southern California.
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Don Francisco Pérez Pacheco (1790–1860) was a Californio ranchero,soldier,and prominent public figure. He was the recipient of numerous rancho grants and become one of the largest landowners in Monterey County and San Benito County. Today numerous locations are named after him,including Pacheco State Park and Pacheco Pass.
The Sepúlveda family is a prominent Californio family of Southern California. Members of the family held extensive rancho grants and numerous important positions,including Alcalde de Los Ángeles,California State Assemblymen,and Los Angeles County Supervisor.
Doña Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo (1815-1891) was a Californio pioneer. A member of the Carrillo family of California,Carrillo was the wife of Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. Carrillo was an early settler of Sonoma,California,the town founded by her husband. She survived the Bear Flag Rebellion and went on to oversee the Vallejo estate,Lachryma Montis,until her death in 1891. The city of Benicia,California is named after her.
References
- ↑ Leonard Pitt, Ramon A. Gutierrez, 1999,Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californias, 1846-1890, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21958-8
- ↑ Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
- 1 2 3 Roger Rehm, 1996, Juan N. Padilla and Ranchos Roblar de la Miseria and Bolsa de Tomales
- ↑ Leonard Pitt, Ramon A. Gutierrez, 1999,Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californias, 1846–1890, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21958-8
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