Juan Ramón Aguirre Lanari (August 20,1920 –December 12,2017) was an Argentine lawyer,diplomat,politician,and professor of constitutional law,who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 until 1983. [1] [2] Aguirre Lanari was the last Foreign Minister of the National Reorganization Process before the end of Argentina's military dictatorship in 1983. [1] While not a member of the military,Aguirre Lanari saw his 1982 appointment to the Foreign Ministry as a way to guide the dictatorship towards a transition to democracy. [2] He accepted his assignment as Foreign Minister following assurances by President Reynaldo Bignone that new elections would be held by early 1984. [2] Following the defeat of Argentina in the Falklands War and the cessation of hostilities,Aguirre Lanari led international negotiations. He managed to get the United Nations to approve Resolution 37/9 in November 1982,which called on all parties to negotiate a solution to the Falkland Islands crisis. [1]
A member and former leader of the Liberal Party of Corrientes,Aguirre Lanari was elected to the Argentine Senate,representing his native Corrientes Province on three occasions:the 1963 general election,and the 1987 and 1989 elections following the transition to democracy. [1]
Aguirre Lanari died in Buenos Aires on December 12,2017,at the age of 97. [1]
The politics of Argentina take place in the framework of what the Constitution defines as a federal presidential representative democratic republic,where the President of Argentina is both Head of State and Head of Government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Argentine National Congress. The Judiciary is independent,as well as the Executive and the Legislature. Elections take place regularly on a multi-party system.
Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 8 July 1989. He was the first democratically elected president after more than seven years of military dictatorship,and is considered the "father of modern democracy in Argentina". Ideologically,he identified as a radical and a social democrat,serving as the leader of the Radical Civic Union from 1983 to 1991,1993 to 1995,1999 to 2001,with his political approach being known as "Alfonsinism".
Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone was an Argentine general who served as President of Argentina from 1 July 1982,to 10 December 1983,the last president to serve under the military dictatorship. In 2010,he was sentenced to 25 years in prison for his role in the kidnapping,torture,and murder of persons suspected of opposing the government during the Dirty War.
Juan Carlos Onganía Carballo was President of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. He rose to power as dictator after toppling the president Arturo Illia in a coup d'état self-named Revolución Argentina.
The Justicialist Party is a major political party in Argentina,and the largest branch within Peronism.
At the national level,Argentina elects a head of state and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over,and voting is mandatory for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age.
The General Confederation of Labor is a national trade union federation in Argentina founded on September 27,1930,as the result of the merger of the U.S.A and the C.O.A trade unions. Nearly one out of five employed –and two out of three unionized workers in Argentina –belong to the CGT,one of the largest labor federations in the world.
The Union of the Democratic Centre was an electoral alliance,and later political party,in Spain,existing from 1977 to 1983. It was initially led by Adolfo Suárez.
The Liberal Party of Corrientes is a liberal provincial political party in Corrientes Province,Argentina. Founded in 1856,it is the oldest political party in Argentina still active.
The Spanish transition to democracy,known in Spain as la Transición or la Transición española,is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system,in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
The National Reorganization Process was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983,which received support from the United States until 1982. In Argentina it is often known simply as the última junta militar,última dictadura militar or última dictadura cívico-militar,because there have been several in the country's history and no others since it ended.
The Cordobazo was a civil uprising in the city of Córdoba,Argentina,at the end of May 1969,during the military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Onganía,which occurred a few days after the Rosariazo,and a year after the global protests of 1968. Contrary to previous protests,the Cordobazo did not correspond to previous struggles,headed by Marxist workers' leaders,but associated students and workers in the same struggle against the military government.
Torcuato Fernández-Miranda y Hevia,1st Duke of Fernández-Miranda was a Spanish lawyer and politician who played important roles in both the Spanish State of Francisco Franco and in the Spanish transition to democracy.
The Argentine general election of 1983 was held on 30 October and marked the return of constitutional rule following the self-styled National Reorganization Process dictatorship installed in 1976. Voters fully chose the president,governors,mayors,and their respective national,province and town legislators;with a turnout of 85.6%.
Argentine Revolution was the name given by its leaders to a military coup d'état which head the government of Argentina in June 1966 and began a period of military dictatorship by a junta from then until 1973.
The Integration and Development Movement is a developmentalist political party founded by Arturo Frondizi in Argentina. It is member of Juntos por el Cambio.
The 1943 Argentine coup d'état,also known as the Revolution of '43,was a coup d'état on 4 June 1943 that ended the government of Ramón Castillo,who had been fraudulently elected to the office of vice-president before succeeding to the presidency in 1942 as part of the period known as the Infamous Decade. The military was opposed to Governor Robustiano Patrón Costas,Castillo's hand-picked successor,a major landowner in Salta Province and a primary stockholder in the sugar industry. The only serious resistance to the military coup came from the Argentine Navy,which confronted the advancing army columns at the Navy Petty-Officers School of Mechanics.
In Argentina,there were six coups d'état during the 20th century:in 1930,1943,1955,1962,1966 and 1976. The first four established interim dictatorships,while the last two established dictatorships of permanent type on the model of a bureaucratic-authoritarian state. The latter conducted a Dirty War in the line of State terrorism,in which human rights were systematically violated and there were tens of thousands of forced disappearances.
The civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay (1973–85),also known as the Uruguayan Dictatorship,was an authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Uruguay for 12 years,from June 27,1973 until March 1,1985. The dictatorship has been the subject of much controversy due to its violations of human rights,use of torture,and the unexplained disappearances of many Uruguayans. The term "civic-military" refers to the military regime's relatively gradual usurpation of power from civilian presidents who continued to serve as head of state,which distinguished it from dictatorships in other South American countries in which senior military officers immediately seized power and directly served as head of state.
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