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Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1519 until 1821. Spain claimed ownership of the region in 1519. Slave raids by Spaniards into what became Texas began in the 16th century and created an atmosphere of antagonism with Native Americans (Indians) which would cause endless difficulties for the Spanish in the future. Spain did not attempt to establish a permanent presence until after France established the colony of Fort Saint Louis in 1685. In 1688,the French colony failed due to internal dissention and attacks by the Karankawa Indians. In 1690,responding to fear of French encroachment,Spanish explorer Alonso de León escorted several Catholic missionaries to east Texas,where they established the first mission in Texas. That attempt to establish a Spanish colony failed due to the hostility of the Caddo Indians.
Manuel María de Salcedo y Quiroga,,was a governor of Texas from 1808 until his execution in 1813. Salcedo gained leadership experience helping his father Juan Manuel de Salcedo,the 11th and last Spanish governor of Louisiana,. In 1807,the younger Salcedo was appointed governor of Texas,and he officially assumed that role on November 7,1808. As governor,he and his uncle Nemesio Salcedo,the Commandant General of the Interior Provinces,often disagreed,especially on immigration issues.
The New Philippines was the abbreviated name of a territory in New Spain. Its full and official name was Nuevo Reino de Filipinas.
The Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahía,known more commonly as Presidio La Bahía,or simply La Bahía,is a fort constructed by the Spanish Army. It became the center of a community that developed as the modern-day city of Goliad,Texas,United States. The current location dates to 1747.
Rafael Antonio Manchola was a politician and military officer in Mexican Texas. He twice served as commandant of Presidio La Bahía. He served two terms in the legislature of the state of Coahuila y Tejas. At his behest,the community which had grown outside the fort was renamed Goliad and elevated in status to a villa. During his legislative service,Manchola also negotiated official boundaries for the colony of his father-in-law,Martín De León,and had a commissioner appointed to grant official titles to the settlers in that colony. After returning home,Manchola became the alcade of Goliad and initiated a resolution–then considered illegal–supporting the Constitution of 1824 and Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. He briefly attended the Convention of 1832 and volunteered to accompany William H. Wharton in journeying to Mexico City to request separate statehood for Texas. The mission was postponed,and Manchola died of cholera in late 1832 or early 1833.
Juan JoséMaría Erasmo de Jesús Seguín y Fuentes was a prominent citizen and politician in San Antonio de Bexar in the 19th century. From 1807 until 1835,Seguín served as head postmaster of San Antonio,Texas. After Mexico achieved independence from Spain,Seguín was named the sole representative from Texas to the constitutional convention. He helped to draft the Constitution of 1824 and was a major influence in the addition of a general colonization provision. Seguín assisted Stephen F. Austin in choosing land for the first colony of American settlers to immigrate to Texas. He later supported the Texas Revolution,providing political as well as material support. He was the father of Tejano revolutionary Juan Seguín.
Martín de Alarcón was the Governor of Coahuila and Texas from 1705 until 1708,and again from 1716 until 1719. He founded San Antonio,the first Spanish civilian settlement in Texas.
The City of San Antonio is one of the oldest Spanish settlements in Texas and was,for decades,its largest city. Before Spanish colonization,the site was occupied for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic Payaya Indians were likely those who encountered the first Europeans.
Juan Leal Goraz,also called Juan Leal Gonzal,was a Spanish settler and politician who served as the first alcalde of La Villa de San Fernando,which later would become the city of San Antonio,Texas. A native of the Canary Islands,Leal went to San Antonio in 1731 leading a group of settlers from the Canary Islands to populate this municipality,founded by the Spanish government under the sponsorship of King Philip V. Leal had asserted himself as the Canarian emigrants' leader and spokesman since they left the islands. He served as alcade of San Antonio between 1731 and 1732,and again in 1735.
Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares or simply Fray Antonio de Olivares was a Spanish Franciscan who officiated at the first Catholic Mass celebrated in Texas,and he was known for contributing to the founding of San Antonio and to the prior exploration of the area. He founded,among other missions,the Alamo Mission in San Antonio,the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar,and the Acequia Madre de Valero.
Joséde Urrutia was a Basque Spanish explorer and settler of Texas,who became captain of San Antonio de Béjar Presidio and lived for seven years with several Native American tribes,leading campaigns against their enemies,the Apaches,in East Texas. He "was made" General Captain of all the Native American peoples that were enemies to the Apache people.
Vicente Álvarez Travieso (1705–1779) was a Spanish judge and politician who served as the first alguacil of San Antonio,Texas,from 1731 until his death. He was a leading spokesperson of the Canary Islands settlers of San Antonio and was noted for his support for the Isleño community there. Through his demands to the leaders of New Spain,Travieso was able to improve the lives of the Isleños. He was instrumental in providing medical care for them,thus ensuring their survival. Travieso became mayor of San Antonio in 1776.
Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas,now better known as Presidio of San Sabá,was founded in April 1757 near present-day Menard,Texas,United States to protect the Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá,established at the same time. The presidio and mission were built to secure Spain's claim to the territory. They were part of the treaty recently reached with the Lipan Apaches of the area for mutual aid against enemies. The early functioning of the mission and presidio were undermined by Hasinai,also allied with the Spanish,attacking the Apaches. The mission was located three miles downstream from the presidio by request of the monks at the mission to ensure that the Spanish soldiers would not be a corrupting influence on the Lipan Apaches the monks were trying to convert to Christianity. The original presidio and mission were built out of logs.
Manuel Muñoz was a soldier,colonel and governor of Texas between 1790 and 1798.
Juan Antonio Bustillo y Ceballos (Zevallos) was a soldier and politician who served as governor of Province of Texas (1730–1734) and Coahuila,New Spain (1754–1756). He also served as alcalde ordinario in Mexico City.
Presidio de Béxar was a Spanish fort built near the San Antonio River,located in what is now San Antonio,Texas,in the United States. It was designed for protection of the mission San Antonio de Valero and the Villa de Béjar. The Presidio de Béxar was founded on May 5,1718 by Spanish colonial official Martín de Alarcón and his party of thirty-five soldiers. The Villa de Béjar is known for being the first Spanish settlement of San Antonio and consisted of the families of the Presidio Soldiers and those of the prior expeditions. It also served to secure Spain's claim to the region against possible encroachment from other European powers.
Juan JoséElguezábal (1781–1840) was a Spanish and Mexican soldier;and attached inspector of Presidios. He also served as Interim Governor of Coahuila y Tejas between 1834 and 1835. In addition,he served in the Texas Revolution as commander of First Company of Tamaulipas,Mexico;fighting against the separatists of Texas.
Jose Miguel de Arciniega (1793–1849) was a Mexican military explorer and legislator. He was mayor of San Antonio,Texas,in 1830 and 1833.
JoséDomingo Ramón was a Spanish military man and explorer who founded several missions and a presidio in East Texas to prevent French expansion in the area.
Pedro Fermín de Echevers y Subisa (-?) was the governor of the New Spain provinces of Coahuila and Texas between 1712 and 1714.
References
- 1 2 3 VALDEZ, JUAN | The Handbook of Texas Online. Posted by Frank Goodwyn. Consulted 4 April 2011
- ↑ Provinces of New Spain
- 1 2 Edmondson, J. R. (2000). Alamo Story: From Early History to Current Conflicts. Page 15. Republic of Texas Press.