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Judith A. Rubin (born 1936) is an American art therapist with 50 years of experience. She is best known for her writing and her films on art therapy for differently abled children, as well for her role as the "Art Lady" on the popular television show, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
Judith A. Rubin was born in New York City in 1936. [1] At age 17, Rubin first experienced art as a way to cope with trauma after the death of her friend. [2] Rubin completed her bachelor's in art from Wellesley College in 1957 [3] and pursued a Master's degree in education from Harvard University. While attending graduate school, Rubin recalled a seminar in Human Development where she presented on "The Psychology of Children's Art." During her graduate studies, Rubin came across the work of Margaret Naumburg and became interested in art therapy. [2] In 1959, Rubin graduated from the Harvard Graduate School of Education with her master's in art education.
In 1958, Rubin began working as a teacher in Cambridge, MA. [1] Rubin reportedly enjoyed working with the children, but was criticized for her unconventional teaching methods. Rubin's teaching methods included singing in the classroom, re-arranging furniture, declining to use paddles for discipline, failing to write detailed lesson plans, and showing slides of artwork that were not in the curriculum. Rubin believed the children benefited from making art, but found teaching to be less satisfying than she had hoped. [2]
In 1963, Rubin learned about a study of children's art at a local child study center nursery and contacted the director, Dr. Margaret McFarland, to volunteer her services. Although Rubin had no clinical background, McFarland invited her to facilitate art therapy with children diagnosed with schizophrenia. Rubin found art therapy to be immensely gratifying and sought the guidance of art therapists Margaret Naumburg and Edith Kramer to further her career as a trained art therapist. [2]
Rubin recalled that both contributed greatly to her professional development. Naumburg and Kramer held different views about art therapy but both advised Rubin to undergo personal therapy and seek supervision under an experienced clinician. In 1964, Rubin presented a case to Professor Erik Erikson of Harvard University. Much to her surprise, Erikson opposed any further clinical training in psychology and suggested it might ruin her intuitive approach. With that advice, she postponed further clinical study for almost ten years. [2]
In 1964, Rubin met Fred Rogers through Dr. McFarland. Rogers invited Rubin to be on his new public television program, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Rubin appeared as the "art lady" for three years (1966-1969) and used her segments to communicate the therapeutic value of art to viewers. Rubin also gained exposure to filmmaking during this time, which influenced her later work. [2]
Rubin established an art program for physically-disabled children in 1967 [1] and met with child psychiatrist, Dr. Marvin Shapiro, in 1968 to join an Expressive Arts Study Group at the Pittsburgh Child Guidance Center. [2] Rubin enrolled in the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute, training first in adult and then in child psychoanalysis and met the dissertation requirement by writing her book Child Art Therapy. [4] She completed her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh in 1976 and earned her licensure as a psychologist in 1979. She completed post-doctoral work at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute in 1983. [3]
Judith Rubin has contributed to the field of art therapy by serving in a number of professional positions as well as writing numerous articles, books, lectures and films. Rubin became a Registered Art Therapist (ATR) in 1970 and a Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) in 1994. [3] She served on the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) board from 1973 to 1979, including as president from 1977 to 1979. [1] In 1981, she received the award for Honorary Life Member. [1] [5]
In addition to her writing, Rubin has worked in private practice and has taught at many universities in the U.S. and abroad. She is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, where she has been on the faculty since 1974 and also has served as faculty-by-invitation at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute since 1983. She is also a co-founder and president of a nonprofit educational organization called Expressive Media Inc, [3] which helps produce and disseminate films and media on the use of arts in therapy.
Rubin's other books include The Art of Art Therapy, [6] Approaches to Art Therapy, [7] Artful Therapy, [8] My Mom and Dad Don't Live Together Anymore: A Drawing Book for Children of Separated or Divorced Parents, [9] and Introduction to Art Therapy: Sources and Resources. [10]
Having started in television in the late 1960s with Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood, Rubin has been making films since the early 1970s. She stated that film aided in teaching about art therapy when words were not completely adequate. Her first film in 1972, We'll Show You What We're Gonna Do, documented a therapeutic art program with blind children. Shortly after, she created Children and the Arts which highlighted the therapeutic value of the arts when working with children who were at-risk for problem behavior. Since then, she has created six other films: Beyond Words (art therapy with older adults), Breakthrough (artists in analytic therapy), Art Therapy: A Universal Language for Healing (art therapy around the world), Yes You Can! (art therapy for people with disabilities), and Art Therapy Has Many Faces (now subtitled in 14 languages). With her drama therapy colleague, Dr. Eleanor Irwin, she has produced The Green Creature Within (multimodal therapy with adolescents), and Creative Healing in Mental Health (art and drama in assessment and therapy).
Sándor Ferenczi was a Hungarian psychoanalyst, a key theorist of the psychoanalytic school and a close associate of Sigmund Freud.
Otto Rank was an Austrian psychoanalyst, writer, and philosopher. Born in Vienna, he was one of Sigmund Freud's closest colleagues for 20 years, a prolific writer on psychoanalytic themes, editor of the two leading analytic journals of the era, managing director of Freud's publishing house, and a creative theorist and therapist. In 1926, Rank left Vienna for Paris and, for the remainder of his life, led a successful career as a lecturer, writer, and therapist in France and the United States.
Anna Freud CBE was a British psychoanalyst of Austrian–Jewish descent. She was born in Vienna, the sixth and youngest child of Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays. She followed the path of her father and contributed to the field of psychoanalysis. Alongside Hermine Hug-Hellmuth and Melanie Klein, she may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology.
Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers and colleagues beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's actualizing tendency, "an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment", via acceptance, therapist congruence (genuineness), and empathic understanding.
Art therapy is a distinct discipline that incorporates creative methods of expression through visual art media. Art therapy, as a creative arts therapy profession, originated in the fields of art and psychotherapy and may vary in definition. Art therapy encourages creative expression through painting, drawing, or modelling. It may work by providing a person with a safe space to express their feelings and allow them to feel more in control over their life.
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Harriet Claire Wadeson Ph.D., LCSW, ATR-BC, HLM was a pioneer in the art therapy profession, as well as an accomplished author, researcher, and educator, who established and directed the Art Therapy Graduate Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Art Therapy Certificate Program at Northwestern University where she taught up to her passing. She was the author of 8 books on art therapy and over 70 articles in professional journals. She was an international guest lecturer, and educator who has presented papers, led professional delegations, and conducted workshops in 14 countries throughout Europe and Asia.
Child psychotherapy, or mental health interventions for children refers to the psychological treatment of various mental disorders diagnosed in children and adolescents. The therapeutic techniques developed for younger age ranges specialize in prioritizing the relationship between the child and the therapist. The goal of maintaining positive therapist-client relationships is typically achieved using therapeutic conversations and can take place with the client alone, or through engagement with family members.
Virginia Mae Axline was a psychologist and one of the pioneers in the use of play therapy. She wrote the book Dibs in Search of Self. She was also the author of Play Therapy, published in 1947.
Joan Mowat Erikson was well known as the collaborator with her husband, Erik Erikson, and as an author, educator, craftsperson, and dance ethnographer.
Frances E. Anderson is an art therapist. She is a recipient of the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award.
Don Jones was an American artist and art therapist, fourth American Art Therapy Association (AATA) President, Honorary Life Member of AATA, and one of five founders of the American Art Therapy Association.
Edith Kramer (1916–2014) was an Austrian social realist painter, a follower of psychoanalytic theory and an art therapy pioneer.
Margaret Naumburg was an American psychologist, educator, artist, author and among the first major theoreticians of art therapy. She named her approach dynamically oriented art therapy. Prior to working in art therapy, she founded the Walden School of New York City.
Michael Edwards was a painter, pioneer art therapist, analytical psychologist and curator of the picture archive of the artwork of patients of C. G. Jung. He was also the first Emeritus Professor of Art Therapy at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada.
Florence Cane was a notable American art educator whose ideas influenced the field of art therapy.
The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) is a model of creative functioning used in the field of art therapy that is applicable to creative processes both within and outside of an expressive therapeutic setting. The concept was initially proposed and published in 1978 by art therapists Sandra Kagin and Vija Lusebrink, who based the continuum on existing models of human development and information processing.
Margaret Beall McFarland was an American child psychologist and a consultant to the television show Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. She was the co-founder and director of the Arsenal Family and Children's Center in Pittsburgh, and much of her work focused on the meaning of the interactions between mothers and children. Fred Rogers referred to McFarland as his major professional influence.
Cathy Malchiodi is an American licensed professional mental health counselor, registered expressive arts therapist, and art therapist, best known for her work on trauma-informed treatment in expressive arts therapy.
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