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Judith J. Warren is an American nurse, educator, and researcher, known for being a pioneer in the field of nursing informatics. [1] [2] [3] [4] Her work has focused on integrating nursing science, information technology, and patient care. She holds the title of Professor Emerita at the University of Kansas School of Nursing. [5]
Judith J. Warren studied nursing at the University of Hawaii and Texas Woman's University. She earned her Ph.D. in educational psychology from the University of Hawaii in 1987. [6] [7]
Warren began her academic career at the University of Nebraska in Omaha, where she focused her research on the use of standardized coding and classification systems in nursing. [8] In 1996, she was elected as a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing. [6] [9]
She is a Professor Emerita of the University of Kansas School of Nursing. [5] She held faculty positions at the University of Kansas, serving as an Adjunct Professor in the School of Medicine's Department of Biostatistics [5] and as an Associate Professor in the Nursing Department. [6] During her tenure, she held several key administrative roles, including the Christine A. Hartley Centennial Professor of Nursing, Director of Nursing Informatics in the KUMC Center for Health Informatics, and Director of the Graduate Program of Health Informatics. She also served as Assistant Director of the Frontiers Heartland Institute of Clinical and Translational Research's Center for Biomedical Informatics. [5]
As a faculty member at the University of Kansas School of Nursing, Warren collaborated with Cerner Corporation to develop the Simulated E-health Delivery System (SEEDS), an adaptation of electronic health record software that has been adopted by over 60 schools of nursing, medicine, pharmacy, and allied health. [10] SEEDS provides students with a platform for data analysis using virtual patient scenarios, simulations, and clinical experiences to enhance their informatics competencies. [11] [12] [13] [14]
In recognition of her achievements, the University of Kansas Graduate Health Informatics Program established the Judith J Warren Informatics Excellence Student Award in 2015. [5]
In 2003, Warren was elected as a Fellow in the American College of Medical Informatics. [6] [5] [15]
She was a member of the Advisory Board for the National Center Data Repository (NCDR) for the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education (NCIPE). [5]
In partnership with the National Database for Nursing Quality Indicators, she contributed to the development of eMeasures by aligning their nursing quality indicators with Meaningful Use criteria in 2015. [5] [16] [17]
Warren has served on both the Quality Assurance and Content Committees of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO), which is responsible for developing SNOMED CT. She remains actively involved with the Nursing Special Interest Group for SNOMED CT. [5] [10] [18] Her involvement with SNOMED began in 1995 when she was appointed as the official American Nurses Association (ANA) liaison to the SNOMED Editorial Board. [19] Her research on the SNOMED CT Nursing Problem List Subset, co-authored with Susan A. Matney, Jonathan L. Evans, Tae Youn Kim, Amy Coenen, and Vivian A. Auld, has significantly advanced nursing informatics. [20] [21] [5]
She also played a key role as an organizing committee member for the Nursing Terminology Summit, which focused on collaborative progress in nursing terminology standards. [22]
Warren led the Commission on Accreditation of Health Informatics and Information Management (CAHIIM) as Chair of its Board of Directors. She previously chaired the organization's Health Informatics Accreditation Council. [5]
She previously served on the Department of Health and Human Services National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, co-chairing its Standards Subcommittee. [23] [5] Notably, she was the first nurse to serve on the committee. Through her influence, she broadened the scope of the Medicare Modernization Act to include all prescribers, not just physicians, ensuring that nurses and other healthcare professionals with prescriptive authority are recognized. Warren's contributions emphasized the importance of considering the patient's perspective in discussions about standards and confidentiality. [2] [4]
Warren's contributions to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) Taxonomy span almost two decades, promoting multidisciplinary approaches for conceptualizing nursing knowledge within digital platforms. [6] [24]
Warren has been a leading figure in developing a standardized reference terminology for nursing, including pioneering a model for nursing interventions. [25] [6] [26] [27] [28] [29] [2] [4] [30]
Her publications explore advancing clinical informatics through academic-business partnerships, leveraging big data in nursing, enhancing interoperability of nursing terminologies, developing effective educational strategies for the field, and improving patient care through the integration of electronic health records and clinical decision support systems. [31] [32] [33] [34]
She holds the distinction of being the first U.S. nurse and second U.S. informatician to receive the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO) Award for Excellence, which she was awarded in 2014. [18]
Health informatics is the study and implementation of computer structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding, and management of medical information. It can be viewed as a branch of engineering and applied science.
A medical classification is used to transform descriptions of medical diagnoses or procedures into standardized statistical code in a process known as clinical coding. Diagnosis classifications list diagnosis codes, which are used to track diseases and other health conditions, inclusive of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and infectious diseases such as norovirus, the flu, and athlete's foot. Procedure classifications list procedure code, which are used to capture interventional data. These diagnosis and procedure codes are used by health care providers, government health programs, private health insurance companies, workers' compensation carriers, software developers, and others for a variety of applications in medicine, public health and medical informatics, including:
The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a compendium of many controlled vocabularies in the biomedical sciences. It provides a mapping structure among these vocabularies and thus allows one to translate among the various terminology systems; it may also be viewed as a comprehensive thesaurus and ontology of biomedical concepts. UMLS further provides facilities for natural language processing. It is intended to be used mainly by developers of systems in medical informatics.
The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) is a systematic, computer-processable collection of medical terms, in human and veterinary medicine, to provide codes, terms, synonyms and definitions which cover anatomy, diseases, findings, procedures, microorganisms, substances, etc. It allows a consistent way to index, store, retrieve, and aggregate medical data across specialties and sites of care. Although now international, SNOMED was started in the U.S. by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) in 1973 and revised into the 1990s. In 2002 CAP's SNOMED Reference Terminology was merged with, and expanded by, the National Health Service's Clinical Terms Version 3 to produce SNOMED CT.
SNOMED CT or SNOMED Clinical Terms is a systematically organized computer-processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting. SNOMED CT is considered to be the most comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology in the world. The primary purpose of SNOMED CT is to encode the meanings that are used in health information and to support the effective clinical recording of data with the aim of improving patient care. SNOMED CT provides the core general terminology for electronic health records. SNOMED CT comprehensive coverage includes: clinical findings, symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, body structures, organisms and other etiologies, substances, pharmaceuticals, devices and specimens.
The American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) is a college of elected fellows from the United States and abroad who have made significant and sustained contributions to the field of medical informatics. Initially incorporated in 1984, the organization later dissolved its separate corporate status to merge with the American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics (AAMSI) and the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC) when the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) was formed in 1989. The college now exists as an elected body of fellows within AMIA, with its own bylaws and regulations that guide the organization, its activities, and its relationship with the parent organization. The college is fiscally self-sufficient, and its officers prepare and submit its financial plan annually for approval by the AMIA Board of Directors.
Alan L. Rector is a retired Professor (emeritus) of Medical Informatics in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester in the UK.
Medcin, is a system of standardized medical terminology, a proprietary medical vocabulary and was developed by Medicomp Systems, Inc. MEDCIN is a point-of-care terminology, intended for use in Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, and it includes over 280,000 clinical data elements encompassing symptoms, history, physical examination, tests, diagnoses and therapy. This clinical vocabulary contains over 38 years of research and development as well as the capability to cross map to leading codification systems such as SNOMED CT, CPT, ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM, DSM, LOINC, CDT, CVX, and the Clinical Care Classification (CCC) System for nursing and allied health.
Yves A. Lussier is a physician-scientist conducting research in Precision medicine, Translational bioinformatics and Personal Genomics. As a co-founder of Purkinje, he pioneered the commercial use of controlled medical vocabulary organized as directed semantic networks in electronic medical records, as well as Pen computing for clinicians.
Health information technology (HIT) is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on a 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system.
Read codes are a clinical terminology system that was in widespread use in General Practice in the United Kingdom until around 2018, when NHS England switched to using SNOMED CT. Read codes are still in use in Scotland and in England were permitted for use in NHS secondary care settings, such as dentistry and mental health care until 31 March 2020. Read codes support detailed clinical encoding of multiple patient phenomena including: occupation; social circumstances; ethnicity and religion; clinical signs, symptoms and observations; laboratory tests and results; diagnoses; diagnostic, therapeutic or surgical procedures performed; and a variety of administrative items. It therefore includes but goes significantly beyond the expressivity of a diagnosis coding system.
The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) System is a standardized, coded nursing terminology that identifies the discrete elements of nursing practice. The CCC provides a unique framework and coding structure. Used for documenting the plan of care; following the nursing process in all health care settings.
Clinical point of care (POC) is the point in time when clinicians deliver healthcare products and services to patients at the time of care.
Harriet Helen Werley was an American nurse who made early contributions to clinical research and nursing informatics. Werley became the first nurse researcher at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the Army Nurse Corps converted to a baccalaureate-prepared group under her leadership. She was a founding editor of Research in Nursing and Health. She co-created the Nursing Minimum Data Set in 1991.
Dipak Kalra is President of the European Institute for Health Records and of the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data. He undertakes international research and standards development, and advises on adoption strategies, relating to Electronic Health Records.
Betsy L. Humphreys is an American medical librarian and health informatician known for leading the cross-institutional efforts to establish biomedical terminology standards such as SNOMED CT and the Unified Medical Language System. She was the deputy director of the National Library of Medicine from 2005 until her retirement in 2017, serving as acting director from 2015 to 2016.
Dean Forrest Sittig is an American biomedical informatician specializing in clinical informatics. He is a professor in Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Executive Director of the Clinical Informatics Research Collaborative (CIRCLE). Sittig was elected as a fellow of the American College of Medical Informatics in 1992, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society in 2011, and was a founding member of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics in 2017. Since 2004, he has worked with Joan S. Ash, a professor at Oregon Health & Science University to interview several Pioneers in Medical Informatics, including G. Octo Barnett, MD, Morris F. Collen, MD, Donald E. Detmer, MD, Donald A. B. Lindberg, MD, Nina W. Matheson, ML, DSc, Clement J. McDonald, MD, and Homer R. Warner, MD, PhD.
Marion Jokl Ball is a South African-born American scientist, educator, and leader in global Biomedical and Health Informatics. She holds the Raj and Indra Nooyi Endowed Distinguished Chair in Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, is Presidential Distinguished Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation and serves as the Founding Executive Director, Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), University of Texas at Arlington. She is Professor Emerita, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and Affiliate Professor, Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. A member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), she is a pioneers of Informatics in Nursing and in Medicine and a founding member of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER), a global grassroots initiative that formalized in 2006 to enable nurses and later, the multi-interdisciplinary healthcare workforce in 34 countries to best make use of Health Informatics principles, methods, tools, and resources. Ball is the author/editor of over 35 books and over 200 articles in the field of Health Informatics.
Suzanne B. Bakken Henry is an American nurse who is a professor of biomedical informatics at Columbia University. Her research considers health equity and informatics. She is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, American College of Medical Informatics and American Academy of Nursing.
Charles Safran is an American-born physician, biomedical informatician, and professor, who is known for his work regarding the use of health information technology (HIT) to improve the delivery and quality of healthcare, in particular clinical information systems.
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