Samba, is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as samba urbano carioca, samba de roda, recognized as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, amongst many other forms of Samba, mostly originated in the Rio de Janeiro and Bahia States. Samba is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, having continued its development on the communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Having its roots in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé, as well as other Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous folk traditions, such as the traditional Samba de Caboclo, it is considered one of the most important cultural phenomena in Brazil and one of the country's symbols. Present in the Portuguese language at least since the 19th century, the word "samba" was originally used to designate a "popular dance". Over time, its meaning has been extended to a "batuque-like circle dance", a dance style, and also to a "music genre". This process of establishing itself as a musical genre began in the 1910s and it had its inaugural landmark in the song "Pelo Telefone", launched in 1917. Despite being identified by its creators, the public, and the Brazilian music industry as "samba", this pioneering style was much more connected from the rhythmic and instrumental point of view to maxixe than to samba itself.
Rio Grande do Sul is a state in the southern region of Brazil. It is the fifth-most-populous state and the ninth largest by area. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Uruguayan departments of Rocha, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo, Rivera and Artigas to the south and southwest, and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones to the west and northwest. The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre. The state has the highest life expectancy in Brazil, and the crime rate is relatively low compared to the Brazilian national average. Despite the high standard of living, unemployment is still high in the state, as of 2017. The state has 5.4% of the Brazilian population and it is responsible for 6.6% of the Brazilian GDP.
Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, popularly known simply as Chico Buarque, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer, playwright, writer, and poet. He is best known for his music, which often includes social, economic, and cultural reflections on Brazil.
Paulo Leminski Filho was a Brazilian writer, poet, translator, journalist, advertising professional, songwriter, literary critic, biographer, teacher and judoka. He was noted for his avant-garde work, an experimental novel and poetry inspired in concrete poetry, as well as abundant short lyrics derived from haiku and related forms. He had a remarkable poetry, as he invented his own way of writing, with puns, jokes with popular sayings and the influence of haiku, in addition to abusing slangs and profanity.
Daniel Galera is a Brazilian writer, translator and editor. He was born in São Paulo, but was raised and spent most of his life in Porto Alegre, until 2005 when he went back to São Paulo. He is considered by critics to be one of the most influential young authors in Brazilian literature. Between 1998 and 2001, as a student at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, he wrote for the literary e-zine Cardosonline; among the collaborators were André Czarnobai, Clara Averbuck and Daniel Pellizari.
Olavo Luiz Pimentel de Carvalho was a Brazilian polemicist, self-proclaimed philosopher, political pundit, former astrologer, journalist, and far-right conspiracy theorist. From 2005 until his death, he lived near Richmond, Virginia, in the United States.
Aldyr Garcia Schlee was a Brazilian writer, journalist, translator, illustrator, and professor.
Carola Saavedra is a Chilean-born Brazilian writer.
Flávio Basso, better known by his stage name Júpiter Maçã and by its English-language variation Jupiter Apple, was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and filmmaker. Before beginning a solo career in 1994, he was already known for being a founding member of bands TNT and Os Cascavelletes, both pioneers of the Rio Grande do Sul rock scene in the mid-to-late 1980s/early 1990s.
A Sétima Efervescência is the debut solo album by the Brazilian musician and former TNT and Os Cascavelletes member Flávio Basso, also known as Júpiter Maçã or Jupiter Apple. It was released in 1997 by independent label Antídoto, and counted with guest appearances by Basso's former Os Cascavelletes bandmates Frank Jorge and Alexandre Barea, and by Graforreia Xilarmônica guitarist Marcelo Birck, who contributed with the musical arrangements for the track "Eu e Minha Ex". Many tracks which appeared on the album were re-recorded from Basso's 1995 demo tape with Os Pereiras Azuiz, Orgasmo Legal.
Uma Tarde na Fruteira is the fourth and final studio album by the Brazilian musician Jupiter Apple, released in 2007 by Spanish label Elefant Records. Distancing itself from its predecessors Plastic Soda and Hisscivilization, it is mostly sung in Portuguese and returns to the more "accessible" psychedelia of his 1997 debut A Sétima Efervescência, in sonority terms.
O Mapa da Mina is a Brazilian telenovela produced and aired by TV Globo from March 29, 1993 to September 3, 1993, in 137 episodes.
Maurício Pereira is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, lyricist, journalist, saxophonist, television announcer, stage actor and record producer best known for his work with experimental rock duo Os Mulheres Negras.
Os Cascavelletes were a Brazilian rock group from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. One of the first rock bands from Rio Grande do Sul to acquire mainstream success nationwide alongside its "sister project" TNT, they were characterized by their irreverent style inspired by 1950s-era rockabilly culture and acts such as The Rolling Stones and The Beatles, and by their comical, profanity- and sex-laden lyrics. Some of their most famous compositions are "Sob um Céu de Blues", "Menstruada", "Estou Amando uma Mulher", "Eu Quis Comer Você" and the 1989 hit "Nêga Bombom".
Nei Van Soria is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, lyricist, pianist, guitarist and record producer, famous for his work with pioneering Rio Grande do Sul rock bands TNT and Os Cascavelletes.
Jorge Otávio Pinto Pouey de Oliveira, better known by his stage name Frank Jorge, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, lyricist, multi-instrumentalist, poet, chronicler and professor, famous for his work with pioneering Rio Grande do Sul rock bands Os Cascavelletes and Graforreia Xilarmônica.
TNT was a Brazilian rock group from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. One of the first rock bands from Rio Grande do Sul to acquire mainstream success nationwide alongside its "sister project" Os Cascavelletes, they are known for hits such as "Entra Nessa", "Estou na Mão", "Ana Banana", "Cachorro Louco" and "A Irmã do Dr. Robert".
Oriovisto Guimarães is a Brazilian politician. He has represented Paraná in the Federal Senate since 2019 and he is a member of Podemos. He was president of Grupo Positivo and rector of the Universidade Positivo.
Paulo Sérgio Kostenbader Valle is a Brazilian composer and lyricist.
