Julio Kaplan | |
---|---|
Country | Puerto Rico United States |
Born | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 25 July 1950
Title | International Master (1967) |
FIDE rating | 2480 (September 2024) |
Peak rating | 2480 (January 1981) |
Julio Argentino Kaplan Pera [1] [2] (born 25 July 1950, Argentina) is a Puerto Rican chess player, former world junior chess champion as well as software developer and founder of Heuristic Software.
Born in Argentina, he emigrated in 1964 to Puerto Rico, [3] where he was raised and studied. Later in his life, he emigrated to the United States, where he resides to this day and works for Autodesk. Earlier in his career, in the 1980s, he programmed dedicated chess computers for SciSys and Saitek. In the early 1990s he collaborated on the chess program Socrates. [4]
Kaplan was born in Argentina. His chess coach was Jacobo Bolbochán. [5]
In 1967, he was the Puerto Rico National Chess Champion and, in addition, he won the World Junior Chess Championship in Jerusalem, followed by the well-known Raymond Keene, Jan Timman, Robert Hübner, among others. This victory earned Kaplan the International Master title.
In 1968, he tied for 6–9th in Málaga. In 1969, he took 4th in Stockholm (World Junior Championship, Anatoly Karpov won). In 1969, he tied for 8–9th in San Juan (Boris Spassky won). In 1970, he won the 6th El Segundo Open, the 6th Monterey International Open, and the 2nd Central California Championship, held in Hayward. In 1971, he won the 22nd Annual California Open, held in Fresno. In 1973, he took 8th in São Paulo (Ostojic won). In 1973, he tied for 12–14th in Madrid (Karpov won). In 1974, he tied for 2nd–3rd with Florin Gheorghiu, behind Svetozar Gligorić, in Los Angeles.
Kaplan played for the Puerto Rico National Chess Team in four Chess Olympiads.
He played for the Puerto Rico National Chess Team (1966, 1971) and for the USA (1976) in the World Student Team Chess Championships.
He won the individual gold medal at Örebro 1966, and the team silver medal at Caracas 1976.
Kaplan had always been interested in computer chess throughout his career, and this led him to found Heuristic Software Corporation, [6] whose first development was Heuristic Alpha in 1990–91, [7] which eventually evolved into Socrates and later Socrates II .
Socrates II was one of the corporation's most successful programs, winning the 1993 ACM International Chess Championship [8] after defeating opponents with special-purposed hardware and software for playing chess, like HiTech [9] and Cray Blitz, [10] even though Socrates II ran on a stock 486 PC.
These achievements drew Electronic Arts's attention, and the company proceeded to hire Kaplan's development team to develop Kasparov's Gambit , incorporating former world chess champion Garry Kasparov as brand name and adviser. [11] Kasparov's Gambit was the first and sole effort of Electronic Arts to enter the chess market.
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Below is a list of events in chess in 1998, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players in July of that year.
Below is a list of events in chess in 1997, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players at the start of that year.
Below is a list of events in chess in 1996, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.
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Events in chess in 1990;
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Kasparov's Gambit, or simply Gambit, is a chess playing computer program created by Heuristic Software and published by Electronic Arts in 1993 based on Socrates II, the only winner of the North American Computer Chess Championship running on a common microcomputer. It was designed for MS-DOS while Garry Kasparov reigned as world champion, whose involvement and support was its key allure. A Macintosh version was planned to be released in 1995.
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