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Computer chess includes both hardware and software capable of playing chess. Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training. Computer chess applications that play at the level of a chess grandmaster or higher are available on hardware from supercomputers to smart phones. Standalone chess-playing machines are also available. Stockfish, Leela Chess Zero, GNU Chess, Fruit, and other free open source applications are available for various platforms.
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Hans Jack Berliner was an American chess player, and was the World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–1968. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess. Berliner was a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech, and was also a published chess writer.
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Edward William Formanek is an American mathematician and chess player. He is a professor emeritus of mathematics at Pennsylvania State University, and a FIDE International Master in chess.
Mackenzie "Mac" Molner is an American chess grandmaster and chess instructor. Chess coach Michael Khodarkovsky helped Molner develop his competitive chess play. Molner won the Denker Tournament of High School Champions as a sophomore in 2004. He completed his final grandmaster norm in 2013, tying for first in the U.S. Open Chess Championship, held near Madison, Wisconsin that year.
The history of chess began nearly 150 years ago, and over the past century and a half the game has changed drastically. No technology or strategy, however, has changed chess as much as the introduction of chess engines. Despite only coming into existence within the previous 70 years, the introduction of chess engines has molded and defined how top chess is played today.
References
- ↑ Hans Berliner (Fall 1988). "HITECH Becomes First Computer Senior Master". AI Magazine. 9 (3): 85–87.
- ↑ Schonberg, Harold C. (26 September 1988). "For First Time, a Chess Computer Outwits Grandmaster in Tournament". The New York Times.
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