Jungfrauen ("Jung's women") was a satirical and scornful descriptive given by those on the outside of the supportive group of trainee women analysts (mainly based in Zurich) who were among the first disciples of Carl G. Jung. Some of these women were early popularizers of Jung's ideas. Even more unflattering were the terms maenads or valkyries . [1]
After his wife, Emma, chief among the circle of women was Toni Wolff, followed by Jolande Jacobi, Marie-Louise von Franz, Barbara Hannah, Esther Harding, and his secretary, Aniela Jaffé. Other, more peripheral, figures were Kristine Mann and Hilde Kirsch. [2]
In this context, the term is a pun, the German word jungfrauen means 'maiden' or 'unmarried woman', as the adjective jung means 'young' and the plural noun frauen means 'women'.
Mary Bancroft (who was not a member of the group) described the Jungfrauen as "vestal virgins" hovering around Jung, their sacred flame. [3] His secretary Aniela Jaffé, who was regarded as a member, said at an Eranos conference that they would throw off the stigma of the name Jungfrau and would hover around Jung like “bees around a honey-pot.” [4]
It has been suggested that Jung's foreign travels in Africa were partly motivated by his desire to escape from the Jungfrauen. [5]
One former Jungian woman has criticized Jung's early women acolytes. Naomi R. Goldenberg, said that “Jungian psychology is a patriarchal religion within which I once lived and worked...[for] years in a Jungian universe”. [6]
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. He was a prolific author, illustrator, and correspondent, and a complex and controversial character, perhaps best known through his "autobiography" Memories, Dreams, Reflections.
Analytical psychology is a term coined by Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, to describe research into his new "empirical science" of the psyche. It was designed to distinguish it from Freud's psychoanalytic theories as their seven-year collaboration on psychoanalysis was drawing to an end between 1912 and 1913. The evolution of his science is contained in his monumental opus, the Collected Works, written over sixty years of his lifetime.
Marie-Louise von Franz was a Swiss Jungian psychologist and scholar, known for her psychological interpretations of fairy tales and of alchemical manuscripts.
Emma Jung was a Swiss Jungian analyst and author. She married Carl Jung, financing and helping him to become the prominent psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, and together they had five children. She was his "intellectual editor" to the end of her life. After her death, Jung is said to have described her as "a Queen".
Mary Esther Harding (1888–1971) was a British-American Jungian analyst who was the first significant Jungian psychoanalyst in the United States.
Kristine Mann was an American educator and physician, with a particular interest in working women's health. She was an early practitioner of psychoanalysis in North America.
Puer aeternus in mythology is a child-god who is eternally young. In the analytical psychology of Carl Jung, the term is used to describe an older person whose emotional life has remained at an adolescent level, which is also known as "Peter Pan syndrome", a more recent pop-psychology label. In Jung's conception, the puer typically leads a "provisional life" due to the fear of being caught in a situation from which it might not be possible to escape. The puer covets independence and freedom, opposes boundaries and limits and tends to find any restriction intolerable.
The Jungian interpretation of religion, pioneered by Carl Jung and advanced by his followers, is an attempt to interpret religion in the light of Jungian psychology. Unlike Sigmund Freud and his followers, Jungians tend to treat religious beliefs and behaviors in a positive light, while offering psychological referents to traditional religious terms such as "soul", "evil", "transcendence", "the sacred", and "God". Because beliefs do not have to be facts in order for people to hold them, the Jungian interpretation of religion has been, and continues to be, of interest to psychologists and theists.
The C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich was founded in Zürich, Switzerland in 1948 by the psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of analytical psychology. Marie-Louise von Franz and Jolande Jacobi were also active in the foundation and early work of the institute.
Toni Anna Wolff was a Swiss Jungian analyst and a close collaborator of Carl Jung. During her analytic career Wolff published relatively little under her own name, but she helped Jung identify, define, and name some of his best-known concepts, including anima, animus, and persona, as well as the theory of the psychological types. Her best-known paper is an essay on four "types" or aspects of the feminine psyche: the Amazon, the Mother, the Hetaira, and the Medial Woman.
Franz Beda Riklin was a Swiss psychiatrist.
This is a list of writings published by Carl Jung. Many of Jung's most important works have been collected, translated, and published in a 20-volume set by Princeton University Press, entitled The Collected Works of C. G. Jung. Works here are arranged by original publication date if known.
Jolande Jacobi was a Swiss psychologist, best remembered for her work with Carl Jung, and for her writings on Jungian psychology.
Barbara Hannah was born in England. She is well known for her association with Carl Gustav Jung whom she joined in 1929 in Zurich and remained so until his death.
Siegmund Hurwitz was a Swiss psychoanalyst, Jungian scholar and writer on Jewish mysticism.
Linda Fierz-David (1891–1955) was a German philologist and one of the first Jungian analysts in Zurich. She was the first woman admitted to the University of Basel, where she studied German philology. She met Carl Jung in 1920, becoming one of his first pupils and closest friends. She collected rare books and studied psychology, anthropology, mythology and literature.
Gerhard Adler was a major figure in the world of analytical psychology, known for his translation into English from the original German and editorial work on the Collected Works of Carl Gustav Jung. He also edited C.G. Jung Letters, with Aniela Jaffe. With his wife Hella, he was a founding member of the Society of Analytical Psychology in London, of which C.G. Jung was first President. Despite their years-long collaboration on translating and editing, Adler's allegiance to Jung and the "Zurich school" caused irreconcilable differences with Michael Fordham, and led to his leaving the Society of Analytical Psychology and founding the Association of Jungian Analysts.
Aniela Jaffé was a Swiss analyst who for many years was a co-worker of Carl Gustav Jung. She was the recorder and editor of Jung's semi-autobiographical book Memories, Dreams, Reflections.
The Psychology Club Zürich is an association founded in Küsnacht, Switzerland, in 1916 by Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Jung, with former patients and students, to promote and develop analytical psychology. Located in a neo-Gothic building at Gemeindestrasse 27, Zürich, it became a prototype for other psychology clubs.
Cary Baynes, born Cary Fink (1883–1977) was an American Jungian psychologist and translator. She translated several works by Jung, as well as Richard Wilhelm's version of the I Ching.
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