 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(May 2019) |
| This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(May 2019) |
Gene KIAA0408 is located on chromosome Chr 6orf174, which is considered to be a "complex locus" as it merges two NCBI genes and produces multiple proteins that have no sequence overlap. [1] It has 6 exons, 4 are non-overlapping and 2 are "cassette exons". [1] c6orf174 694 amino acids long. [2]
The mRNA sequence has 8123 nucleotides. [2] c6orf174 contains 20 distinct gt-ag introns and its transcription can produce 14 different mRNAs with three of them being completely unspliced forms. [1] It has seven isoforms. [1] The GeneCard for KIAA0408 is pictured below. [3]
KIAA0408 has at least 11 spliced variants.1 Aliases include C6orf174andKIAA0408, FLJ43995, RP3-403A15.2,dJ403A15.3, C6orf174, LOC 9729, jajer, barspoyby, gyperbu.1 It has been described as hypothetical protein LOC9729, OTTHUMP00000017174, and hypothetical protein LOC 387104.1 UniProtKB refers to it as K0408_HUMAN,Q6ZU52.[ citation needed ]
KIAA0408 appears to be expressed highest in the brain, fat, and lung tissues. KIAA0408 is also associated with the hippocampus which primarily helps with releasing hormones and regulates body temperature. In humans, this gene is expressed in leukocytes, the hypothalamus, glioblastoma cells, prechondrocytes, placental CD14+ giant cells, estrogen receptor alpha-silenced MCF7 breast cancer cells.1 In rats, KIAA0408 is expressed at higher levels in rats eating carbohydrate-whey protein hydrosylate diets in comparison to rats eating carbohydrate amino acid diets.[ citation needed ] Glioblastoma pseudopalisading cells are associated with necrosis. Based on the second figure, it appears that KIAA0408 is more highly expressed in tumor cells than in pseudopalisading cells.[ citation needed ]
According to the SUMO-sumoylation prediction in ExPASy, it appears that there are four motifs with a high probability of sumoylation. KIAA0408 has one O-glycosylation site predicted at serine 386. The gene has a large amount of predicted phosphorylation sites.[ citation needed ]
KIAA0408 has 694 amino acids and a molecular weight of 79.2 kdal. 12.0% of the protein has levels of serine that are higher than average. These results also indicate that at a neutral pH, my protein tends to be more basic. Evidence collected from Expasy suggests that KIAA0408 could potentially be involved in solute. The tertiary structure of KIAA0408 consists largely of coiled-coiled regions. It is predicted with high certainty that KIAA0408 is found in the nucleus. A conceptual translation is included in this page.[ citation needed ]
KIAA0408 has 42 total interacting proteins.[ citation needed ]
The ortholog space extends from mammals to birds. There are no paralogs.[ citation needed ]
All birds had very little variation in gene length, % identity, and % similarity. The two turtles that had the gene were also similar in those areas. All mammals aside from the lemur and the monkey had around the same gene lengths, % identity, and % similarity. The lemur and the monkey varied from each other.[ citation needed ]
Human and mouse KIAA0408 are 53.531% similar and have 149 similar positions. There is a large region that is missing in mouse in the C-terminus, and another smaller chunk missing in the N-terminus. This could be an evolutionary sign of humans' erroneous development of more genes to make them more complex individuals. The areas before and after both deletions are highly conserved, so these are likely very critical regions of the gene.[ citation needed ]
KIAA0408 is highly expressed in the brain, but has also been found in tissue of the breast, testes, eye, kidney, and T-lymphocytes, and over 50 other tissues.1 It was found to be upregulated in comparisons between the following clinical features: new tumor/no new tumor, pathologic M1/M0, and presence or absence of cancer.4 The table in the paper is unclear as to which features the upregulation is correlated to.4 KIAA0408 was also listed in a genetic testing registry. [4] This protein can be tested for mutations which would indicate "hereditary disease". [4] There was no specific information provided on what hereditary diseases it can test for. [4] KIAA0408 is also part of a list of gene transcripts "...whose expression levels are positively correlated with age."[ citation needed ]
Transmembrane protein 98 is a single-pass membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM98 gene. The function of this protein is currently unknown. TMEM98 is also known as UNQ536/PRO1079.
Zinc finger protein 280D, also known as Suppressor Of Hairy Wing Homolog 4, SUWH4, Zinc Finger Protein 634, ZNF634, or KIAA1584, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF280D gene located on chromosome 15q21.3.
Transmembrane protein 229b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229b gene.
Coiled-coil domain containing 94 (CCDC94) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC94 gene. The CCDC94 protein contains a coiled-coil domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF572), an uncharacterized conserved protein (COG5134), and lacks a transmembrane domain.
Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene. One notable feature of this protein is the presence of proline residues on one of its predicted transmembrane domains., which is a determinant of the intramitochondrial sorting of inner membrane proteins.
PRR29 is a protein encoded by the PRR29 gene located in humans on chromosome 17 at 17q23.
C14orf93 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the C14orf93 gene. It is a globular protein with a conserved C-terminus that is localized to the nucleus. While expressed relatively highly in all tissues except nervous tissue, it is expressed particularly highly in T cells and other immune tissues.
Leukocyte Receptor Cluster Member 9 is an uncharacterized protein encoded by the LENG9 gene. In humans, LENG9 is predicted to play a role in fertility and reproductive disorders associated with female endometrium structures.
CRACD-like protein. previously known as KIAA1211L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRACDL gene. It is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Furthermore, it is localized to the microtubules and the centrosomes and is subcellularly located in the nucleus. Finally, CRACDL is associated with certain mental disorders and various cancers.
The Family with sequence similarity 149 member B1 is an uncharacterized protein encoded by the human FAM149B1 gene, with one alias KIAA0974. The protein resides in the nucleus of the cell. The predicted secondary structure of the gene contains multiple alpha-helices, with a few beta-sheet structures. The gene is conserved in mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and some invertebrates. The protein encoded by this gene contains a DUF3719 protein domain, which is conserved across its orthologues. The protein is expressed at slightly below average levels in most human tissue types, with high expression in brain, kidney, and testes tissues, while showing relatively low expression levels in pancreas tissues.
Chromosome 8 open reading frame 58 is an uncharacterised protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orf58 gene. The protein is predicted to be localized in the nucleus.
TMEM44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene. DKFZp686O18124 is a synonym of TMEM44.
Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 299 (CFAP299), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFAP299 gene. CFAP299 is predicted to play a role in spermatogenesis and cell apoptosis.
C1orf122 is a gene in the human genome that encodes the cytosolic protein ALAESM.. ALAESM is present in all tissue cells and highly up-regulated in the brain, spinal cord, adrenal gland and kidney. This gene can be expressed up to 2.5 times the average gene in its highly expressed tissues. Although the function of C1orf122 is unknown, it is predicted to be used for mitochondria localization.
ZNF337, also known as zinc finger protein 337, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF337 gene. The ZNF337 gene is located on human chromosome 20 (20p11.21). Its protein contains 751 amino acids, has a 4,237 base pair mRNA and contains 6 exons total. In addition, alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The ZNF337 gene encodes a zinc finger domain containing protein, however, this gene/protein is not yet well understood by the scientific community. The function of this gene has been proposed to participate in a processes such as the regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), and proteins are expected to have molecular functions such as DNA binding, metal ion binding, zinc ion binding, which would be further localized in various subcellular locations. While there are no commonly associated or known aliases, an important paralog of this gene is ZNF875
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 85, commonly known as C9orf85, is a protein in Homo sapiens encoded by the C9orf85 gene. The gene is located at 9q21.13. When spliced, four different isoforms are formed. C9orf85 has a predicted molecular weight of 20.17 kdal. Isoelectric point was found to be 9.54. The function of the gene has not yet been confirmed, however it has been found to show high levels of expression in cells of high differentiation.
C2orf72 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein currently named after its gene, C2orf72. It is also designated LOC257407 and can be found under GenBank accession code NM_001144994.2. The protein can be found under UniProt accession code A6NCS6.
Chromosome 20 open reading frame 85, or most commonly known as C20orf85 is a gene that encodes for the C20orf85 Protein. This gene is not yet well understood by the scientific community.
Chromosome 4 open reading frame 54 is a protein that in humans is coded by the c4orf54 gene. This gene is also known as FOPV and LOC285556. This protein is mostly expressed in the nucleus of muscle cells. Orthologs are found in vertebrates but not invertebrates.
Chromosome 13 Open Reading Frame 46 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C13orf46 gene. In humans, C13orf46 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in tissues, including the lungs, stomach, prostate, spleen, and thymus. This gene encodes eight alternatively spliced mRNA transcript, which produce five different protein isoforms.