MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line isolated in 1970 from a 69-year-old woman. [1] MCF-7 is the acronym of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7, referring to the institute in Detroit where the cell line was established in 1973 by Herbert Soule and co-workers. [2] The Michigan Cancer Foundation is now known as the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute. [3]
Prior to MCF-7, it was not possible for cancer researchers to obtain a mammary cell line that was capable of living longer than a few months. [4]
The patient, Frances Mallon died in 1970 due to metastatic breast cancer. [5] Her cells were the source of much of current knowledge about breast cancer. [2] [6] At the time of sampling, she was a nun in the convent of Immaculate Heart of Mary in Monroe, Michigan under the name of Sister Catherine Frances.
MCF-7 and two other breast cancer cell lines, named T-47D and MDA-MB-231, account for more than two-thirds of all abstracts reporting studies on mentioned breast cancer cell lines, as concluded from a Medline-based survey. [7] MCF-7 has potential for new drug development, including anti-cancer drug testing, anti-estrogen drug resistance and antiplatelet drug development. [8]
MCF-7 cells have the following characteristics: [2] [6] [7] [9] [10] [11]
This cell line retained several characteristics of differentiated mammary epithelium, including the ability to process estradiol via cytoplasmic estrogen receptors and the capability of forming domes.[ citation needed ]
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatment with anti-estrogens can modulate the secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Omega-3 and 6 fatty acids such as EPA, DHA and AA has been reported to inhibit MCF-7 cell line growth and proliferation. [14]
PIK3CA helical mutations were identified in MCF-7, [15] but with low AKT activation. [16]