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The Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify communities that are "educationally or socially backward". It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with general castes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980 and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.
Parmar, also known as Panwar or Pawar, is a Rajput clan found in Northern and Central India, especially in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and North Maharashtra. The Panwar ruled in Ujjain and later in Dhar.
The Mallaah are the traditional boatmen and fishermen tribes or communities found in North India, East India, Northeastern India and Pakistan. A significant number of Mallaah are also found in Nepal and Bangladesh. In the Indian state of Bihar, the term Nishad includes the Mallaah and refers to communities whose traditional occupation centred on rivers. It is also spelled Mallah.
The Khangar community are an Indian Kshatriya community. They are referred to by many other names, such as Khangaar, Khungar, Khengar, Khagar, Khangdhar and Rao Khangad.
Agrahari, Agraharee or Agarhari is an Indian Vaishya community, They are the descendants of legendary king Agrasena. Predominantly, they are found in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Terai region of Nepal.
Kushwaha is a community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain that has traditionally been involved in agriculture, including beekeeping. The term has been used to represent different sub-castes of the Kachhis, Kachhvahas, Koeris and Muraos. The Kushwaha had worshipped Shiva and Shakta, but beginning in the 20th century, they claim descent from the Suryavansh (Solar) dynasty via Kusha, one of the twin sons of Rama and Sita. At present, it is a broad community formed by coming together of several caste groups with similar occupational backgrounds and socio-economic status, who, over the time, started inter-marrying among themselves and created all India caste network for caste solidarity. The communities which merged into this caste cluster includes Kachhi, Kachhwaha, Kushwaha, Mali, Marrar, Saini, Sonkar, Murai, Shakya, Maurya, Koeri and Panara.
The Gadaria or Gadariya is a herding caste that was traditionally involved professionally in livestock breeding, especially sheep. They are primarily found in Uttar Pradesh and in some parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. In Gujarat, they are called Bharwad.
Nai, also known as Sain is a generic term for occupational castes of barbers. The name is said to be derived from the Sanskrit word nāpita (नापित). In modern times Nai in northern India refer to themselves as "Sain" instead of Nai.
The Bind are a caste found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Tripura. Bind are under the obc[Other backward caste] category of the central list. Bin/Bind is one of the Noniya communities. In Uttar Pradesh, they are known by the Noniya sub-caste. In Bihar Bind/Bin comes under EBC.
Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya are a minority Hindu community of Gujarat in India, In Rajasthan, many people lost their lives in battles against Muslim rulers, and after suffering defeats, the surviving some Kshatriyas Rajputs moved towards Gujarat to keep their identity, Those Kshatriyas. Those known as Gurjar Kshatriya During the Islamic period, As Many Kshatriya Rajputs of Rajasthan who migrated towards Gujarat but they faced a lack of land and weapons there. As a result, they engaged in labor and various skilled work, They started artisan community related with masonry, artistic carvings, sculpting and building and construction works. Due to their occupation they known as Kshatriya They are also known as the Architect of Kutch.
Mansoori (Mansuri) is the community of an Indian Muslim, and this community belongs to Pathans and Rajputs. They are regionally known as Mansoori, Naddaf and Pinjara. They are found in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and North India.
Chhipi is a caste of people with ancestral roots tracing back to India. These people are basically Rajputs and used to wear Kshatriya attire. These people were skilled in the art of war, Later people of this caste started doing printing work. They are found in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh of India.
Kumhar or Kumbhar is a caste or community in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Kumhars have historically been associated with the art of pottery.
The Bharbhunja are an occupational caste found in North India and Maharashtra. They are also known as Kalenra in Maharashtra. A small number are also found in the Terai region of Nepal.
The Bhurtiya or Bharotiya are a chiefly sub-caste of the Hindu Ahir (Yadav) caste found in the state Uttar Pradesh in India and are a sub-group within the larger Yadav community of India.
The Boria, also known as Baurasi, are a Hindu caste found in North India.
Gopal or Gouda is an Indian caste, from Odisha State in East India. Their traditional occupations include dairy farming, cattle herding, cultivation and carrying palanquins of deities. They also worked as Paikas (soldiers) under the kings. Gopal is the name of the milkmen or herdsmen caste in Odisha, which is known by other names in various parts of India.
Jaiswal or Jayswal or Jayaswal is a surname used by many Hindu communities. Jaiswals are mainly traders and deal in various commodities. In past, some of them excelled in the art of liquor making.
Rawat is a surname of people belonging to Hindu Rajput ,Gurjar and Meena. It is used as a surname, but during the medieval period it was a designation or title given to a soldier who performed exceptionally well in war. Types of Rawat are Chauhan Rawat, Pawar Rawat, Sisodiya Rawat, Dogra Rawat, Rawat Meena etc. from Uttarakhand and U.P divisions in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and Rajputs of Uttarakhand.
Kushwaha is a surname used by people of Koeri caste in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The Kushwahas are also known as Maurya, Shakya, Saini in various parts of north India. As per one opinion, the Kushwaha surname is also common among members of Kachhi caste, who later merged with the Koeris to become a single homogeneous community. They are a super dominant OBC community in the state of Bihar.
References
- ↑ Kumar Suresh Singh (1 January 1998). People of India: Rajasthan. Popular Prakashan. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-81-7154-769-2 . Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ↑ Kumar Suresh Singh (1998). India's communities. Oxford University Press. pp. 1443–1448. ISBN 978-01-9563-354-2.
- ↑ People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas page 467 to 470 Popular Prakashan
- ↑ "Caste certificate of Bajrang Dal convener cancelled". The Hindu . 24 September 2004. Retrieved 13 February 2019.[ dead link ]
- ↑ "Setback for Akhilesh government as High Court stays their order to include 17 sub-castes in the SC category". Financial Express. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "UP govt to include 17 other backward castes in SC list". Hindustan Times. PTI. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Central List of OBCs for the State of Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Government of India - National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ↑ "ओबीसी सूची से बाहर होना चाहते हैं डोली उठाने वाले कहार, हाईकोर्ट ने केंद्र और राज्य से मांगा जवाब". Hindustan. Retrieved 9 September 2024.