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Hydropower, also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a water source to produce power. Hydropower is a method of sustainable energy production. Hydropower is now used principally for hydroelectric power generation, and is also applied as one half of an energy storage system known as pumped-storage hydroelectricity.
The Blue Nile Amharic: ጥቁር አባይ, romanized: t’ikʼuri ābayi; Oromo: Mormor or Abbayaa, lit. 'father of streams'; Arabic: النيل الأزرق, romanized: an-Nīl al-ʾAzraqu) is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
The Aswan Dam, or more specifically since the 1980s, the Aswan High Dam, is one of the world's largest embankment dams, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. When it was completed, it was the tallest earthen dam in the world, eclipsing the United States' Chatuge Dam. Its significance largely upstaged the previous Aswan Low Dam initially completed in 1902 downstream. Based on the success of the Low Dam, then at its maximum utilization, construction of the High Dam became a key objective of the new regime the Free Officers movement of 1952; with its ability to better control flooding, provide increased water storage for irrigation and generate hydroelectricity, the dam was seen as pivotal to Egypt's planned industrialization. Like the earlier implementation, the High Dam has had a significant effect on the economy and culture of Egypt.
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The Roseires Dam is a dam on the Blue Nile at Ad Damazin, just upstream of the town of Er Roseires, in Sudan. It consists of a concrete buttress dam 1 km wide with a maximum height of 68 m, and an earth dam on either side. The earth dam on the eastern bank is 4 km long, and that on the western bank is 8.5 km long. The reservoir has a surface area of about 290 km2.
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The Alpaslan-2 Dam is an embankment dam on the Murat River in Muş Province, Turkey. The dam is located about 32 km (20 mi) north of the provincial capital, Muş. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and irrigation. Its power station has an installed capacity of 280 MW, planning to deliver 850 GWh annually, and the reservoir will help irrigate 78,000 ha of land.
Ethiopia generates most of its electricity from renewable energy, mainly hydropower.
Sudan had a modern irrigated agriculture sector totaling about 800,000 hectares in 2010, out of about 84 million hectares that were potentially arable. This was a slight decline from the prior year and well below the more than 2 million hectares of the early 1990s. The Nile and its tributaries were the source of water for 93 percent of irrigated agriculture, and of this, the Blue Nile accounted for about 67 percent. Gravity flow was the main form of irrigation, although pumps served part of the irrigated area.
References
- ↑ "1150 MW Merove Hydro Power Plant built in Sudan as per the design by Institute Hydroproject". www.powereng.ru. 2009-07-25. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
- ↑ Heuwel, Sahra (2013-05-23). "Sudan's 360 MW Kajbar hydropower scheme to proceed". ESI-Africa.com. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
- 1 2 Power relations of development : The case of dam construction in the Nubian homeland, Sudan. 2018. p. 183.
- ↑ "New Chinese dam project fuels ethnic conflict in Sudan | Pambazuka News". www.pambazuka.org. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
- ↑ Heuwel, Sahra (2013-05-23). "Sudan's 360 MW Kajbar hydropower scheme to proceed". ESI-Africa.com. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
- ↑ "Protests against Kajbar Dam in Sudan met with violence | Business & Human Rights Resource Centre". www.business-humanrights.org. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
- ↑ "International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
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