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The Kalachuri era also called the Haihaya era was a Hindu system of year numbering started by the King Ishwarsena in which the year numbering started at some time from 248 to 250 CE. [1] [2]
The German scholar F. Kielhorn suggested that the system began in September 248, the year that began with the month of Asvina. [3] [4] It was first used in Gujarat and Maharashtra (particularly Northern Maharashtra [5] ), from where it spread to Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh where it was used until the 13th century CE. [6] Some sources cite an Early Kalachuri era founded in Mahismati through its ruler Maharaja Subandhu who could be an ancestor to the Kalachuris. [7] [ clarification needed ]
The middle kingdoms of India were the political entities in the Indian subcontinent from 230 BCE to 1206 CE. The period begins after the decline of the Maurya Empire and the corresponding rise of the Satavahana dynasty, starting with Simuka, from 230 BCE. The "middle" period lasted for almost 1436 years and ended in 1206 CE, with the rise of the Delhi Sultanate, founded in 1206, and the end of the Later Cholas.
Medieval India was a long period of post-classical history in the Indian subcontinent between the ancient and modern periods. It is usually regarded as running approximately from the break-up of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century to the start of the early modern period in 1526 with the start of the Mughal Empire, although some historians regard it as both starting and finishing later than these points. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the early medieval and late medieval eras.
The Kalachuris of Kalyani, also Southern Kalachuris, were a 10th-12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. This dynasty will rise to its peak power in the Deccan region between 1156 and 1181.
The history of Madhya Pradesh can be divided into three periods - the ancient period, the medieval period and modern period.
Hammira-Varman was a king of the Chandela dynasty of central India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region. During his reign, the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji conquered some parts of the Chandela kingdom.
The Kalachuris of Tripuri, also known the Kalachuris of Chedi, ruled parts of central India during 7th to 13th centuries. They are also known as the Later Kalachuris to distinguish them from their earlier namesakes, especially the Kalachuris of Mahishmati. Their core territory included the historical Chedi region, and their capital was located at Tripuri.
Trailokya-Varman was a king of the Chandela dynasty of central India. He ruled the Jejakabhukti region. Epigraphic evidence suggests that he recaptured Kalanjara from the Delhi Sultanate.
The Kalachuris of Mahismati, or the Early Kalachuris, were an early medieval Indian dynasty that ruled present-day Maharashtra, as well as parts of mainland Gujarat and southern Madhya Pradesh. Their capital was located at Mahishmati. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the Ellora and Elephanta cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule.
Shankaragana III was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He defeated a weak Gurjara-Pratihara ruler, and seems to have died in a battle against the Chandelas.
Kokalla II was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. His Gurgi inscription suggests that he raided the territories of the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Palas and the Chalukyas of Kalyani.
Yashahkarna was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Gayakarna was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Narasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Jayasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He unsuccessfully tried to assert his authority over the Kalachuris of Ratnapura, and seems to have suffered a defeat against the Chandelas.
Vijayasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Trailokyamalla, also called Trailokyamalladeva, was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Trailokyamalla is the last known king of his dynasty. It is not known how and when his rule ended.
Ratnadeva II was the greatest ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura, in modern-day Indian state of Chhattisgarh. He is known for declaring independence from their overlords, the Kalachuris of Tripuri and defeated an army sent by the Kalachuri king Gayakarna. He is also known for repulsing an invasion by the mighty king of Kalinga, Anantavarman Chodaganga. His predecessor was Jajalla-deva I, his father and was succeeded by Prithvi-deva II, who was most likely his son.
The Abhira dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the western Deccan, where it perhaps succeeded the Satavahana dynasty. From 203 to roughly 270 or 370, this dynasty formed a vast kingdom. The Abhiras had an extensive empire comprising modern-day Maharashtra, Konkan, Gujarat and parts of southern Madhya Pradesh. Some scholars regard the Abhiras as a great almost an imperial power in the third century A.D.
Kokalla I was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He appears to have been the first powerful ruler of the dynasty. He consolidated his kingdom and maintained matrimonial relations with the Rashtrakuta empire, and Chandela dynasty.
The Kalachuris of Sarayupara were a medieval Indian dynasty who ruled along the banks of the Sarayu river in present-day Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Their domain consisted of the present-day Bahraich, Champaran, and Gonda districts.
the Kalacuri era ( AD 248 ), founded by the Abhūrī king Iśvarasena and first used in Gujarat and Mahārāsh-tra and later (until the 13th century) in Madhya Pradesh and as far north as Uttar Pradesh.
the Kalacuri era ( AD 248 ), founded by the Abhūrī king Iśvarasena and first used in Gujarat and Mahārāsh-tra and later (until the 13th century) in Madhya Pradesh and as far north as Uttar Pradesh.
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