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Sea turtles,sometimes called marine turtles,are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle,loggerhead sea turtle,Kemp's ridley sea turtle,olive ridley sea turtle,hawksbill sea turtle,flatback sea turtle,and leatherback sea turtle. All six of the sea turtle species present in US waters are listed as endangered and/or threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The seventh sea turtle species is the Flatback,which exists in the waters of Australia,Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Sea turtles can be separated into the categories of hard-shelled (cheloniid) and leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). There is only one dermochelyid species which is the leatherback sea turtle.
The leatherback sea turtle,sometimes called the lute turtle or leathery turtle or simply the luth,is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile,reaching lengths of up to 2 metres and weights of 600 kg. It is the only living species in the genus Dermochelys and family Dermochelyidae. It can easily be differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell;instead,its carapace is covered by oily flesh and flexible,leather-like skin,for which it is named.
Archie Fairly Carr,Jr. was an American herpetologist,ecologist,and conservationist. He was a Professor of Zoology at the University of Florida. In 1987 the Ecological Society of America awarded him the Eminent Ecologist Award. He brought attention to the world's declining sea turtle populations due to over-exploitation and habitat loss.
Pseudemys is a genus of large,herbivorous,freshwater turtles of the eastern United States and adjacent northeast Mexico. They are often referred to as cooters,which stems from kuta,the word for turtle in the Bambara and Malinkélanguages,brought to America by enslaved people from Africa.
The shrimp fishery is a major global industry,with more than 3.4 million tons caught per year,chiefly in Asia. Rates of bycatch are unusually high for shrimp fishing,with the capture of sea turtles being especially contentious.
The green sea turtle,also known as the green turtle,black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle,is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus Chelonia. Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world,with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,but it is also found in the Indian Ocean. The common name refers to the usually green fat found beneath its carapace,not to the color of its carapace,which is olive to black.
Eugenie Clark,popularly known as The Shark Lady,was an American ichthyologist known for both her research on shark behavior and her study of fish in the order Tetraodontiformes. Clark was a pioneer in the field of scuba diving for research purposes. In addition to being regarded as an authority in marine biology,Clark was popularly recognized and used her fame to promote marine conservation.
The Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) System,located along a twenty-mile (30 km) section of coastline from Melbourne Beach to Wabasso Beach,Florida,along State Road A1A. The 900 acre (3.6 km2) refuge was established in 1991,to protect the loggerhead and green sea turtles.
Arthur Raymond Marshall Jr. (1919–1985) was a scientist and Everglades conservationist who spearheaded efforts to preserve Florida’s wetlands.
Marjorie Harris Carr was an American scientist and environmental activist,well known for her conservation work in Florida. She was born in Boston and grew up in southwest Florida,where her parents taught her about native flora and fauna. After earning a Master of Science degree from the University of Florida in 1942,she went on to establish and lead several conservation efforts in the state,including co-founding the Alachua Audubon Society in 1960 and co-founding Florida Defenders of the Environment in 1969. Her work with Florida Defenders of the Environment —which continued until her death in 1997 —to preserve the Ocklawaha River Valley helped halt construction of the Cross Florida Barge Canal,which is now a public conservation and recreation area named in her honor in 1998. She was inducted in the Florida Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. She was married to herpetologist Archie Carr from 1937 until his death in 1987;they had five children.
The hawksbill sea turtle is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus Eretmochelys. The species has a worldwide distribution,with Atlantic and Indo-Pacific subspecies—E. i. imbricata and E. i. bissa,respectively.
The Sea Turtle Conservancy (STC),formerly known as Caribbean Conservation Corporation,is an American not-for-profit 501(c)(3) membership organization based in Gainesville,Florida. STC was incorporated,based on an earlier informal organization known as The Brotherhood of the Green Turtle,in 1959 by Joshua B. Powers in response to renowned ecologist Dr. Archie Carr's award-winning book,The Windward Road,which first alerted the world to the plight of sea turtles. Carr served as Scientific Director of STC from 1959 until his death in 1987. Since its founding,STC's research and conservation initiatives have been instrumental in saving the Caribbean green sea turtle from immediate extinction,as well as raising awareness and protection for sea turtles across the globe with 50 years of experience in national and international sea turtle conservation,research and educational endeavors. The organization began its work in Costa Rica,but has expanded its research and conservation efforts throughout Central America and the wider Caribbean.
The Windward Road:Adventures of a Naturalist on Remote Caribbean Shores was written by Archie Carr and originally published in 1956. It is an account of Carr's travels around the Caribbean to study sea turtles and their migratory and behavior patterns,especially Kemp's ridley,a species about which little was known at the time. This book led to the formation of The Brotherhood of the Green Turtle,which later became the Caribbean Conservation Corporation,and is now known as the Sea Turtle Conservancy. It was awarded the 1957 John Burroughs Medal for nature writing,which is awarded annually by the American Museum of Natural History. The chapter entitled "The Black Beach",originally published in Mademoiselle,won a 1956 O. Henry Award.
Threats to sea turtles are numerous and have caused many sea turtle species to be endangered. Of the seven extant species of sea turtles,six in the family Cheloniidae and one in the family Dermochelyidae,all are listed on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. The list classifies six species of sea turtle as "threatened",two of them as "critically endangered",one as "endangered" and three as "vulnerable". The flatback sea turtle is classified as "data deficient" which means that there is insufficient information available for a proper assessment of conservation status. Although sea turtles usually lay around one hundred eggs at a time,on average only one of the eggs from the nest will survive to adulthood. While many of the things that endanger these hatchlings are natural,such as predators including sharks,raccoons,foxes,and seagulls,many new threats to the sea turtle species are anthropogenic.
Susan C. Alberts is an American primatologist,anthropologist,and biologist who is the current Chair of the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology at Duke University;previously,she served as a Bass fellow and the Robert F. Durden Professor of Biology at Duke. She currently co-directs the Amboseli Baboon Research Project with Jeanne Altmann of Princeton University. Her research broadly studies how animal behavior evolved in mammals,with a specific focus on the social behavior,demography,and genetics of the yellow baboon,although some of her work has included the African elephant. She was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014,won the Cozzarelli Prize of the National Academy of Sciences in 2016,and was elected a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences in 2019.
Anne Rudloe was an American marine biologist. She was the co-founder of the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory in Panacea,Florida.
Nancy Helen Marcus was an American biologist and oceanographer. During her graduate studies,Marcus became known as an expert on copepod ecology and evolutionary biology. She began her career as a postdoctoral fellow at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution where she studied copepod dormancy and its implications for marine aquaculture. She continued her field research as a professor of oceanography and later as the director of the Florida State University Marine Laboratory (FSU). During this time Marcus was elected as a Fellow of the Association for Women in Science and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and served as the President of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. As the president,she led efforts in increase education activities and to increase the endowment fund.
Karen B. Strier is a primatologist. She is a Vilas Research Professor and Irven DeVore professor of Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison,and co-editor of Annual Review of Anthropology. The main subject of her research is the Northern Muriqui,a type of spider monkey found in Brazil.
Nathan Jack Robinson is a marine biologist and science communicator from the United Kingdom. During his career,Robinson has been at the center of several viral videos. These have included videos of him removing a plastic drinking straw from the nostril of a sea turtle as well as a plastic fork from the nostril of a different sea turtle,and a video recorded by him and Edith Widder of a live giant squid. This video is the first-time that a live giant squid has been recorded in US waters and is the second time this species has ever been caught alive on film.
Sharlene E. Santana is a Venezuelan–American biologist,currently serving as the Curator of Mammals at the Burke Museum of Natural History and as a professor of Evolutionary biology at the University of Washington,in Seattle,Washington. Her research primarily focuses on the order Chiroptera (bats),and her work often engages with a diverse range of biological disciplines,including evolution,systematics,biomechanics,behavioral studies,and ecology. Santana has worked to expand opportunities for underrepresented minorities in STEM fields and has relied on innovative applications of technology to increase the amount of high-quality scientific information that is available to the general public.
References
- ↑ James R. Spotila (November 12, 2004). Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation . JHU Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780801880070 . Retrieved September 5, 2019.
Karen Bjorndal husband.
- ↑ Frederick Davis (July 2, 2007). The Man Who Saved Sea Turtles: Archie Carr and the Origins of Conservation Biology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199885954 . Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- ↑ Watkinson, Mary-Lou (November 17, 2017). "Two scientists receive Carr Medal for turtle conservation efforts". floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
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