Karl Kaspar von der Leyen

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Karl Kaspar von der Leyen
Archbishop of Trier
Karl Kaspar von der Leyen.jpg
Karl von der Leyen Kaspar, engraving from a coronation leaflet from the year 1658
Church Catholic Church
Diocese Electorate of Trier
In office 1652–1676
Personal details
Born 18 December 1618
Died 1 June 1676

Karl Kaspar von der Leyen (18 December 1618 – 1 June 1676) was Archbishop-Elector of Trier and a Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1652 to 1676.

Electorate of Trier

The Electorate of Trier, traditionally known in English by its French name of Trèves, was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the temporal possessions of the prince-archbishop of Trier, also prince-elector of the empire. There were only two other ecclesiastical prince-electors in the Empire: the Electorate of Cologne and the Electorate of Mainz, among which Mainz ranked first.

Holy Roman Empire varying complex of lands that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe

The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories.

Contents

Life

A member of the noble Leyen family, Charles Kaspar was made a coadjutor bishop on 11 June 1650. He was elected the successor of the then 86-year-old Archbishop Philipp Christoph von Sötern, but this was rejected as Philipp Christoph was the favoured candidate.

Coadjutor bishop position

A coadjutor bishop is a bishop in the Catholic, Anglican, and (historically) Eastern Orthodox churches whose main role is to assist the diocesan bishop in the administration of the diocese. The coadjutor is a bishop himself, although he is also appointed as vicar general. The coadjutor bishop is, however, given authority beyond that ordinarily given to the vicar general, making him co-head of the diocese in all but ceremonial precedence. In modern times, the coadjutor automatically succeeds the diocesan bishop upon the latter's retirement, removal, or death.

Engraving of Karl Kaspar Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0439.tif
Engraving of Karl Kaspar

After the death of the Archbishop, Karl Kaspar started his reign on 12 March 1652. The consequences of the recently ended Thirty Years' War presented the new archbishop with many hard tasks, for example, the population of the archiepiscopal state had declined to approximately 300,000 people. His policy towards the Allies had destroyed many buildings; so he had to restore the country’s infrastructure, especially the justice and agriculture systems, to promote development. He also had to repair the fortresses Koblenz and Ehrenbreitstein.

Thirty Years War War between 1618 and 1648; with over 8 million fatalities

The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Casualties were overwhelmingly and disproportionately inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire, most of the rest being battle deaths from various foreign armies. In terms of proportional German casualties and destruction, it was surpassed only by the period January to May 1945; one of its enduring results was 19th-century Pan-Germanism, when it served as an example of the dangers of a divided Germany and became a key justification for the 1871 creation of the German Empire.

Koblenz Fortress German fortress

Koblenz Fortress was part of a Prussian fortress system near the city of Koblenz in Germany which consisted of the city fortifications of Koblenz and Ehrenbreitstein and exterior supporting constructions such as entrenchments and forts. Koblenz fortress was built in three stages: 1815-1830, 1859-1868 and 1871-1886. The designers were: Ernst von Aster and Gustav von Rauch. Individual parts of the fortication have been preserved, other parts were demolished over the course of time. For example, in 1890 part of the fortress was declassified, the gates were demolished between 1896-1899 and further structures were demolished in the years 1920-1927.

Ehrenbreitstein Fortress German fortress

Ehrenbreitstein Fortress is a fortress in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the east bank of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle, overlooking the town of Koblenz.

He founded an orphanage for boys in Trier and endowed scholarships for the training of nobles’ sons to become priests, and in 1668, he had the Kurtrierische Landrecht ("Electoral-Trier Common Law") published.

Charles Kaspar promoted, in particular, the members of his aristocratic house, Von der Leyen (House of the Leyens).

In 1654 he made his younger brother Damian Hartard von der Leyen the Archbishop of Mainz and Provost and Archdeacon of Karden, titles under the Archbishopric of Trier.

Mainz Place in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Mainz is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The city is located on the Rhine river at its confluence with the Main river, opposite Wiesbaden on the border with Hesse. Mainz is an independent city with a population of 206,628 (2015) and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region.

An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop. In the High Middle Ages it was the most senior diocesan position below a bishop in the Catholic Church. An archdeacon is often responsible for administration within an archdeaconry, which is the principal subdivision of the diocese. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church has defined an archdeacon as "A cleric having a defined administrative authority delegated to him by the bishop in the whole or part of the diocese." The office has often been described metaphorically as that of oculus episcopi, the "bishop's eye".

Treis-Karden Place in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Treis-Karden is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was the seat of the former like-named Verbandsgemeinde until 1 July 2014. Since then, it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Cochem. Treis-Karden is a state-recognized tourism resort (Fremdenverkehrsort).

Aware as he was of his declining health, he had already named his successor, his nephew John Hugo of Orsbeck, by 1672. He died on 1 June 1676 in Fort Ehrenbreitstein.

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References

    Further reading

    <i>Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</i> biographical reference work

    Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie is one of the most important and most comprehensive biographical reference works in the German language.

    <i>Neue Deutsche Biographie</i> biographical reference work by the Historical Committee at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities

    Neue Deutsche Biographie is a biographical reference work. It is the successor to the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. The 26 volumes published thus far cover more than 22,500 individuals and families who lived in the German language area.

    Charles Caspar von der Leyen
    Born: 18 December 1618 Died: 1 June 1676 on Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
    Catholic Church titles
    Regnal titles
    Preceded by
    Philipp Christoph von Sötern
    Archbishop- Elector of Trier and
    Prince-Abbot of Prüm
    as Charles II

    1652–1676
    Succeeded by
    John VIII