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The politics of Ethiopia are the activities associated with the governance of Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a President and Prime Minister. The legislature is multicameral,with a house of representatives and a council. The term politics of Ethiopia mainly relates to the political activities in Ethiopia after the late 20th century when democratization took place in the nation. The current political structure of Ethiopia was formed after the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew dictator President Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1991. A general election was held in June 1994 and Ethiopia has maintained a multiparty political environment until today.
The government of Ethiopia is the federal government of Ethiopia. It is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic,whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election,who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
Amharas are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group indigenous to Ethiopia,traditionally inhabiting parts of the northwest Highlands of Ethiopia,particularly inhabiting the Amhara Region. According to the 2007 national census,Amharas numbered 19,867,817 individuals,comprising 26.9% of Ethiopia's population,and they are mostly Oriental Orthodox Christian.
Oromia is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. Under Article 49 of Ethiopian Constitution,the capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa,also called Finfinne. The provision of the article maintains special interest of Oromia by utilizing social services and natural resources of Addis Ababa.
Gondar,also spelled Gonder,is a city and woreda in Ethiopia. Located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region,Gondar is north of Lake Tana on the Lesser Angereb River and southwest of the Simien Mountains. As of 2021,Gondar has an estimated population of 443,156.
The Amhara Region,officially the Amhara National Regional State,is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara,Awi,Xamir,Argobba,and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia,Lake Tana,and Semien Mountains National Park. Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by other the regions of Ethiopia:Tigray to the north,Afar to the east,Benishangul-Gumuz to the west and southwest,and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include:Bahir Dar,Dessie,Gonder,Debre Birhan,Debre Tabor,Kombolcha,Weldiya,Debre Markos,Seqota,Kobo,Metema.Danesha,Humera and wolekait.
The House of Federation is the upper house of the bicameral Federal Parliamentary Assembly,the parliament of Ethiopia. It has 112 members.
The Yejju Oromo,also historically known as the Yajju,Edjow or Edjou Galla,are a sub-clan of the Barento branch of Oromo people. They are one of the northernmost communities of Oromo people residing in Ethiopia,along with the Raayyaa.
Sahle-Work Zewde is an Ethiopian diplomat who served as president of Ethiopia from 2018 to 2024,the first woman to hold the office. She was elected as president unanimously by members of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly on 25 October 2018.
Michael A. Hammer is an American diplomat who is serving as the United States Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa as of 2022. A career member of the United States Foreign Service,Hammer previously served as the United States ambassador to Chile from 2014 to 2016 and the United States ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2018 to 2022. Hammer appointed Chargéd'affaires ad interim to Cuba on November 14,2024.
Demeke Mekonnen Hassen is an Ethiopian politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2024,Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2020 to 2024 and former vice-president of the Prosperity Party. He previously served as chairman of the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP) and deputy chair of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) until the dissolution of the two in December 2019.
Abiy Ahmed Ali is an Ethiopian politician who is the current Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018 and the leader of the Prosperity Party since 2019. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation,and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea". Abiy served as the third chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) that governed Ethiopia for 28 years and the first person of Oromo descent to hold that position. Abiy is a member of the Ethiopian parliament,and was a member of the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP),one of the then four coalition parties of the EPRDF,until its rule ceased in 2019 and he formed his own party,the Prosperity Party.
The 2021 Ethiopian general election to elect members of the House of Peoples' Representatives was held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021. Regional elections were also held on those dates.
The 2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état against the Amhara Regional government on 22 June 2019,during which factions of the Amhara Region's Peace and Security Bureau assassinated the Amhara Regional President Ambachew Mekonnen. A bodyguard siding with the nationalist factions also assassinated General Se'are Mekonnen,the Chief of General Staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force,as well as his aide Major General Gizae Aberra.
The Transitional Government of Tigray was a caretaker administration that was formally declared by the House of Federation of Ethiopia on 7 November 2020,in the context of a conflict between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF),in power in the Tigray Regional State and the federal government of Ethiopia. In late November 2020,the administration,headed by Mulu Nega,planned public consultation and participation in choosing new leaders at the regional and zonal level and preservation of woreda and kebele administrations. The Transitional Government left Tigray in late June 2021 during Operation Alula.
The government of Amhara Region is composed of the executive branch,led by the President;the legislative branch,which comprises the Regional Council;and the judicial branch,which is led by the Regional Supreme Court. The Amhara Region alongside almost all other regions are based on a singular ethnicity excluding Chartered Cities,Addis Ababa,and Dire Dawa and the Region Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples' Region.
Agegnehu Teshager is an Ethiopian politician who is the current Speaker of the House of Federation since 4 October 2021 and President of Amhara Region from 2020 to 2021
Yalew Abate Reta is an Ethiopian politician who was speaker of the House of Federation from 2015 to 2018.
Degefe Bula Wakjira is an Ethiopian politician and diplomat who has worked in key positions in government cabinet level,since EPRDF regime. Degefe was the speaker of House of Federation (HoF) from 2005 to 2010 after serving as deputy from 2004–2005.
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