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An artificial cardiac pacemaker, commonly referred to as simply a pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to contract and pump blood, thus regulating the function of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , , or , is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time. Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat; thus giving the formula:
A photoplethysmogram (PPG) is an optically obtained plethysmogram that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse oximeter which illuminates the skin and measures changes in light absorption. A conventional pulse oximeter monitors the perfusion of blood to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the skin.
Cardiac electrophysiology is a branch of cardiology and basic science focusing on the electrical activities of the heart. The term is usually used in clinical context, to describe studies of such phenomena by invasive (intracardiac) catheter recording of spontaneous activity as well as of cardiac responses to programmed electrical stimulation - clinical cardiac electrophysiology. However, cardiac electrophysiology also encompasses basic research and translational research components. Specialists studying cardiac electrophysiology, either clinically or solely through research, are known as cardiac electrophysiologists.
A catheterization laboratory, commonly referred to as a cath lab, is an examination room in a hospital or clinic with diagnostic imaging equipment used to visualize the arteries of the heart and the chambers of the heart and treat any stenosis or abnormality found.
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a disease where prolonged tachycardia or arrhythmia causes an impairment of the myocardium, which can result in heart failure. People with TIC may have symptoms associated with heart failure and/or symptoms related to the tachycardia or arrhythmia. Though atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of TIC, several tachycardias and arrhythmias have been associated with the disease.
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St. Jude Medical, Inc. was an American global medical device company headquartered in Little Canada, Minnesota, U.S., a suburb of Saint Paul. The company had more than 20 principal operations and manufacturing facilities worldwide with products sold in more than 100 countries. Its major markets include the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. The company was named after Jude the Apostle, the patron saint of lost causes.
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology, is a branch of the medical specialty of cardiology concerned with the study and treatment of rhythm disorders of the heart. Cardiologists with expertise in this area are usually referred to as electrophysiologists. Electrophysiologists are trained in the mechanism, function, and performance of the electrical activities of the heart. Electrophysiologists work closely with other cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to assist or guide therapy for heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias). They are trained to perform interventional and surgical procedures to treat cardiac arrhythmia.
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is the insertion of electrodes in the left and right ventricles of the heart, as well as on occasion the right atrium, to treat heart failure by coordinating the function of the left and right ventricles via a pacemaker, a small device inserted into the anterior chest wall.
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Philip Batchelor, was a Swiss-British academic in the fields of mathematics and medical imaging.
A hybrid cardiac surgical procedure in a narrow sense is defined as a procedure that combines a conventional, more invasive surgical part with an interventional part, using some sort of catheter-based procedure guided by fluoroscopy imaging in a hybrid operating room (OR) without interruption. The hybrid technique has a reduced risk of surgical complications and has shown decreased recovery time. It can be used to treat numerous heart diseases and conditions and with the increasing complexity of each case, the hybrid surgical technique is becoming more common.
Ghosting is a visual artifact that occurs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This artifact can be a consequence of environmental factors or the human body. Ghosting is a multidimensional artifact that occurs in the MRI in the phase-encoded direction after applying the Fourier transform.
Bioinstrumentation or Biomedical Instrumentation is an application of biomedical engineering which focuses on development of devices and mechanics used to measure, evaluate, and treat biological systems. The goal of biomedical instrumentation focuses on the use of multiple sensors to monitor physiological characteristics of a human or animal for diagnostic and disease treatment purposes. Such instrumentation originated as a necessity to constantly monitor vital signs of Astronauts during NASA's Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions.
Nicholas Ayache, born on 1 November 1958 in Paris, is a French computer scientist and Research Director at INRIA, Sophia Antipolis-Mediterranean Centre. Previously, he was Scientific Director of the Institut hospitalo-universitaire de Strasbourg (2012–2015) and Visiting Professor at the Collège de France (2014). He is also a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Jerry L. Prince is the William B. Kouwenhoven Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. He has over 41,000 citations, and an h-index of 80.
Reza Razavi is a professor of paediatric cardiovascular science, vice-president and vice-principal of research at the King's College London, the director of research at King's Health Partners, and the director of the King's Wellcome Trust EPSRC Centre For Medical Engineering.
Amir Amini is the Professor and Endowed Chair in Bioimaging at the University of Louisville. Prior to this, he was the founder of the Cardiovascular Image Analysis Laboratory and associate professor at the Washington University in St. Louis. He was elected a fellow of the IEEE in 2007, the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering in 2017, the International Society for Optics, Photonics, and Imaging in 2019, and the Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association in 2021.
References
- ↑ "Professor Kawal Rhode". www.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Kawal Rhode - Biography - Research Portal, King's College, London". kclpure.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Scopus preview - Scopus - Author details (Rhode, Kawal S.)". www.scopus.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Scopus preview - Scopus - Author details (Rhode, Kawal S.)". www.scopus.com. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "Cutting edge technology set to benefit pacemaker patients". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Steerable catheter hailed as 'extraordinary' product". Medical Plastics News. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "KCL Heart Catheter". 4 July 2020.
- ↑ O'Neill, Angela (24 August 2016). "King's College London joins with Cambridge Design Partnership to further develop a new steerable catheter to treat cardiac arrhythmias". Cardiac Rhythm News. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "Cutting edge technology set to benefit pacemaker patients". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "Simplicity is all". Bioscience Today. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "Kawal Rhode - Activities - Research Portal, King's College, London". kclpure.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ Puntmann, Valentina O. Verfasser. T1-mapping als diagnostischer und prognostischer Biomarker bei nicht-ischämischen Kardiomyopathien. OCLC 994295355.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ Razavi, Reza; Hill, Derek LG; Keevil, Stephen F; Miquel, Marc E; Muthurangu, Vivek; Hegde, Sanjeet; Rhode, Kawal; Barnett, Michael; van Vaals, Joop; Hawkes, David J; Baker, Edward (2003). "Cardiac catheterisation guided by MRI in children and adults with congenital heart disease". The Lancet. 362 (9399): 1877–1882. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14956-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 14667742. S2CID 25380774.
- ↑ Xiahai Zhuang; Rhode, Kawal S; Razavi, Reza S; Hawkes, David J; Ourselin, Sebastien (2010). "A Registration-Based Propagation Framework for Automatic Whole Heart Segmentation of Cardiac MRI". IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 29 (9): 1612–1625. doi:10.1109/tmi.2010.2047112. ISSN 0278-0062. PMID 20378466. S2CID 2309009.
- ↑ Sermesant, M.; Chabiniok, R.; Chinchapatnam, P.; Mansi, T.; Billet, F.; Moireau, P.; Peyrat, J.M.; Wong, K.; Relan, J.; Rhode, K.; Ginks, M. (2012). "Patient-specific electromechanical models of the heart for the prediction of pacing acute effects in CRT: A preliminary clinical validation". Medical Image Analysis. 16 (1): 201–215. doi:10.1016/j.media.2011.07.003. ISSN 1361-8415. PMID 21920797.
- ↑ Rhode, K.S.; Sermesant, M.; Brogan, D.; Hegde, S.; Hipwell, J.; Lambiase, P.; Rosenthal, E.; Bucknall, C.; Qureshi, S.A.; Gill, J.S.; Razavi, R. (2005). "A system for real-time XMR guided cardiovascular intervention". IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 24 (11): 1428–1440. doi:10.1109/tmi.2005.856731. ISSN 0278-0062. PMID 16279080. S2CID 305408.
