| La respuesta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Artist | Juan Lepiani |
| Year | 1891 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Location | Casa Bolognesi, Lima |
La respuesta (Spanish for "The response"), also known as La respuesta de Bolognesi, [1] is an 1891 oil painting by Peruvian painter Juan Lepiani. It forms part of the collection of the Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum. [2]
The painting depicts a chapter of the War of the Pacific, where Chilean Major Juan de la Cruz Salvo arrived to Francisco Bolognesi's barracks in Arica, then part of Peru, to discuss the Peruvian group's surrender. Bolognesi replied to the request by saying "I have sacred dutes to fulfill, and I will carry them out until the last cartridge has been spent." Both armies subsequently fought in the violent battle two days later, where Bolognesi was killed in action. [3]
In 1994, a photograph showing what appeared to be Bolognesi and his army was found by journalist Alejandro Guerrero in Tacna. It was purchased by businessman Genaro Delgado Parker and subsequently restored in a Kodak laboratory in the United States, with historians concluding that it was not a photograph of the men who fought in the battle, but rather a recreation based on Lepiani's painting. [4]
The Peru national football team represents Peru in men's international football. The national team has been organised, since 1927, by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). The FPF constitutes one of the ten members of FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Peru has won the Copa América twice, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup five times ; the team also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition and has reached the semi-finals of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. The team plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, the country's capital.
Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes was a Peruvian military colonel. He is considered a national hero in Peru and was declared patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on January 2 of 1951.
The Battle of Arica, also known as Assault and Capture of Cape Arica, was a battle in the War of the Pacific. It was fought on 7 June 1880, between the forces of Chile and Peru.
Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery, formerly the General Cemetery of Lima, is a cemetery, museum and historical monument located in the Barrios Altos neighbourhood of Lima District, in Lima, Peru. Inaugurated on May 31, 1808, it was the first pantheon in the city since burials were previously held in the city's churches. It was named in honour of its designer, Spanish priest Matías Maestro.
Viracochapampa, Huiracochapampa, or Wiracochapampa is an archaeological site with the remains of a building complex of ancient Peru of pre-Inca times. It was one of the administrative centers of the Wari culture. Viracochapampa is located about 3.5 km north of Huamachuco in the region of La Libertad at an elevation of 3,070 metres (10,072 ft).
José Juan de Dios Mateo Osbaldo Botaro Lepiani Toledo was a Peruvian painter. He is primarily known for historical and patriotic scenes; notably those related to the War of the Pacific.
The Peruvian Civil War of 1867 was the fifth internal conflict in 19th century Peru. It was caused by the adoption of a new constitution to replace the previous one adopted in 1860.
The Plaza Bolognesi is a roundabout located in the Lima District and the Breña District, in the capital of Peru. It is located at the intersection of Brazil Avenue, Arica Avenue, Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, Guzmán Blanco Avenue, and 9 December Avenue.
José Salvador Cavero Ovalle was a Peruvian lawyer, judge, university lecturer, soldier and politician.
San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, also known simply as Tarapacá, is a town in the region of the same name in Chile.
Manuel Villar Olivera was a Peruvian Rear-Admiral who had a long service career in the army of his country, from the Peruvian War of Independence to the War of the Pacific. He is best known for having commanded the Peruvian-Chilean allied squad in the Battle of Abtao, facing the Spanish Pacific Squad during the Chincha Islands War.
Daniel Sánchez Bustamante Vásquez was a Bolivian educator, politician, lawyer, professor, author, and diplomat. He was the Bolivian Minister of Public Instruction and of Foreign Affairs on various occasions between 1909 and 1931. He is considered one of the most important reformers in the public education of his country being the founder of the first school for teacher training. In charge of his country's foreign affairs, he was the main signatory for Bolivia in the Polo-Bustamante Treaty (1909), a border treaty signed with Peru to set what is now the current border between the two Andean nations.
El último cartucho is an 1899 oil painting by Peruvian painter Juan Lepiani. It forms part of the collection of the Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum.
The Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum, also known as the Casa de Bolognesi, is a house museum dedicated to the War of the Pacific and its battle of Arica, located at the birthplace of Francisco Bolognesi, in the historic centre of Lima, Peru.
Jirón Caylloma, also known as Jirón Cailloma, is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with Jirón Conde de Superunda and continues until it reaches Jirón Quilca.
Entrada de Piérola a Lima por la Puerta de Cocharcas, durante la Guerra Civil de 1894-1895 is an oil painting by Juan Lepiani, painted from around 1890 to 1900. It forms part of the collection of the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru.
Juan José de la Cruz Salvo y Poblete was a Chilean soldier who fought in the War of the Pacific as a Sergeant major. He is best known for being the envoy sent by the Chilean Army to the headquarters of Francisco Bolognesi's garrison in Arica to request his surrender after the allied defeat at the Battle of Tacna, to which Bolognesi replied by saying he would "fight until the last cartridge is spent".
The Casa Bolognesi, also known as the Casa de la Respuesta, is a historical building owned by the Peruvian State located in Arica, Chile. It is the site of a meeting that preceded the Battle of Arica during the War of the Pacific.
María Graña Ottone Friendship Park is a public park located at the intersection of Alfredo Benavides and Caminos del Inca avenues, in Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru. It features a monumental arch based on the one that once stood at Arequipa Avenue, in Lima District.