El Comercio is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is considered a newspaper of record[3] and one of the most influential media in Peru.
El Comercio began as a commercial, political and literary newspaper. Its first publication was on Saturday, May 4, 1839 by José Manuel Amunátegui y Muñoz (Chile, June 3, 1802 — LimaOctober 21, 1886) and Alejandro Villota (Buenos Aires, 1803 — Paris, February 20, 1861).[4] It was originally a one-sheet afternoon newspaper printed on both sides in tabloid format. The price of the first edition was one silver real. Its motto was "Order, freedom, knowledge."[5] In total there were ten people who prepared the first issue. Printing was made on a handlebar "Scott" flatbed press, powered by a mule-driven winch.
Its first headquarters was the Casa de la Pila,[6][7] located at Calle del Arzobispo No. 147 (current block 2 of Jr. Junín). Twenty-four days later it moved to Calle de San Pedro No. 63 (current block 3 of the Jr. Ucayali), both in the Cercado de Lima.[5]
On August 9, 1839, the diary was published with four pages. Also in that month, its morning edition was launched and its afternoon edition was renamed from vespertina to de la tarde, remaining as such for a little more than 120 years. At the end of 1841, the newspaper moved to a farm located on the corner formed by the streets of San Antonio and La Rifa. Seventy-eight years later, this old house was demolished to make way for the new location on the corner of the current Lampa and Santa Rosa streets in the historic centre of Lima. In 1855, he acquired his first "Marinoni" reaction press, which was powered by steam and produced just over a thousand copies per hour.
On January 1, 1867, José Antonio Miró Quesada (Panama City, January 15, 1845 — Lima, October 20, 1930) began working at the newspaper as a correspondent in Callao at the age of twenty-two. In 1875, Manuel Amunátegui gave control of the newspaper to Luis Carranza Ayarza[es] and José Antonio Miró Quesada,[6] who formed the company Carranza, Miró Quesada y Compañía. They established in the act of incorporation that, after the death of the first of them, the surviving partner could purchase the company's shares without the family of the deceased having any other right than to receive the respective financial compensation.[5][8]
At the beginning of the 20th century, El Comercio would become the most influential newspaper in the country, whose Miró Quesada family was the most powerful at that time.[10]
On January 19, 1902, the newspaper inaugurated its first "Marinoni" electric rotary press and its new stereotyping workshop, based on the use of movable typographic characters which, in October 1904, was complemented with the entry into operation of the first linotypes that were used in Peru, being the third newspaper in South America to implement it.[11]
On January 21, 1917, a modern "Goss" rotary press was put into operation, with which thirty-two page copies could be printed, and the printing workshops were expanded. By 1922, it reached 40 thousand editions.[12] On May 4, 1924, the traditional headquarters were inaugurated in the same location on the corner of Jr. Lampa and jr. Miró Quesada (today Santa Rosa) in the historic center of Lima.
On July 3, 1928, José Antonio Miró Quesada, by public deed, established a public limited company with his children called Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. This is how his son Antonio Miró Quesada de la Guerra would later assume management of the newspaper, who, together with his wife, was murdered by an Aprista Party member on May 15, 1935, when they were walking to lunch at the National Club. He was later succeeded as director of El Comercio by several members of the Miró Quesada family. In the 1930s, Carlos Miró-Quesada Laos served as director of the newspaper and was a proponent for fascism in Peru.[13][14]
On March 3, 1951, in response to competition from other newspapers and new media such as radio broadcasting, it was the first Peruvian newspaper to implement the use of the radio photo system[5] and shortly after, on August 5, 1952, it put into operation a modern "Westrex Divatel" teletype that captured 3,600 words per hour. which allowed the newspaper to report current events in the world as a scoop a few hours after they occurred with their corresponding photograph. On March 29, 1953, El Comercio became the first Peruvian newspaper to publish a cultural section as a specialised Sunday supplement.[15] Previously, cultural pages were published on Saturdays. On May 2, 1959, the last front page of the newspaper with advertisements was published. On May 4 of the same year (anniversary date), the first morning edition was published with a completely news cover and a renewed design that would remain for twenty-four years.
Despite this, the publishing company entered into conflict with its workers; amid accusations of difficult working conditions, some were fired.[16]
In 1962, El Comercio Gráfico was launched to replace the newspaper's evening edition. In July 1966, the "Hoe Colormatic" rotary press was inaugurated, releasing up to seventy thousand copies per hour and allowing the newspaper to publish color photographs.[5] In 1971, El Comercio Gráfico was cancelled and replaced by the sports newspaper Aficción, which only existed for a few years.
At the beginning of 1982, El Comercio began the progressive change of the old linotype editing systems and began to be designed using computers, a transition successfully completed on November 23, 1983 with the adoption of an electronic photocomposition system. On June 28, 1984, he inaugurated a large printing plant in the Pueblo Libre district on an area of eighteen thousand m2 with a new rotary offset press "M.A.N. Roland Lithomatic II" with the ability to print the journal completely in colour.
Also in 1984, the "School Page" section was created, where journalistic articles by hundreds of schoolchildren from all over Peru began to be published. Although no longer in the printed version, the School Correspondents program continues with teaching and training in journalistic training topics for young schoolchildren.
In the mid-1990s, a new computerised publishing and digital pre-press system was implemented, in which it experimented with Infobanco, its subscription information service.[18] In 1996 it was agreed to purchase 15% of Telefónica del Perú.[19] On January 15, 1997, El Comercio launched its internet website.[18] Also in that year, the printing plant was modernised with the acquisition of a new "Goss Newsliner" rotary press that was added to the previous one. All of which allowed El Comercio to have, since January 19, 1999, an avant-garde design in a slightly smaller size although still maintaining the traditional large format that it had used since the mid-19th century.
In 1998, the newspaper established its writing and style manual.[20] Between November 1999 and February 2000, the company underwent a restructuring to save costs of up to one million dollars annually.[21]
Team of Ricardo Uceda
In 1994, Ricardo Uceda resigned as editor-in-chief of Sí to form a special investigative team at El Comercio.[22] As with Uceda's Sí reporting, the Comercio team focused on cases of governmental corruption.[23] One their most notable successes came in 1998, when they exposed the misuse of state funds intended for the survivors of floods and mudslides induced by the 1997-98 El Niño event; the story resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of Civil Defence Chief General Homero Nureña.[22]
21st century
The newspaper is owned by shareholders of the Miró Quesada family, whose ownership of the company dates to 1875. Despite this, management is under control of an individual who is not a member of the family[citation needed].
The company has ownership over its subsidiaries, the newspapers Peru 21 and Trome, and the magazine Somos.
The corporation, Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A., is the product of the merging of many companies in 1996. The company manages the editing, publication, and distribution of the newspaper, El Comercio, as well as the publication and distribution of Trome, Peru 21, and Gestion. In addition, they manage the advertising aspects of the mentioned publications. Additionally, they are devoted to the editing, publication, and distribution of many other books, magazines, pamphlets, weeklies, all sorts of graphic publications, Multimedia products, and videography. Informational content is distributed by their subsidiary Orbis Ventures S.A.C., a company in charge of the administration of the company's website.
The legal address of the company, where their administrative offices were in 300 Jr. Santa Rosa, Lima, Lima, Peru. Their publishing factories, Pando and Amauta, are in the districts of Pueblo Libre and the Cercado of Lima.
The new legal address is in 171 Av. Jorge Salazar Araoz, La Victoria, Lima.
Financially, the company operates very independently, as the effects of consolidation have not in large part affected the operation of their subsidiaries, Orbis Ventures S.A.C., Zetta Comunicadores del Perú S.A.E.M.A., EC Jobs S.A.C., Punto y Coma Editores S.A.C., Suscripciones Integrales S.A.C., Amauta Impressiones Comerciales, Producciones Cantabria S.A.C., Inmobiliaria El Sol S.A. and Grupo PluralTV.
Political alignment
The newspaper has been described as conservative and holding an ideological position is center-right.[1][2][24] Barnhurst described El Comercio as "the most conservative newspaper" in Peru in a review of the media in the nation.[2] According to Wayka, Elisabeth Dulanto Baquerizo de Miró Quesada, a member of the Miró Quesada family which owns El Comercio Group, signed the Madrid Charter and has helped hold events for the anti-leftist organization Madrid Forum, a group that was organized by the far-right Spanish party Vox.[25]
Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias was a Peruvian philosopher, journalist and politician.
César Alfredo Miró Quesada Bahamonde (1907–1999), more commonly known as César Miró, was a Peruvian writer and composer. He wrote novels, stories, manuscripts, essays, and poetry.
José Daniel Williams Zapata is a politician and retired Peruvian Army general who served as President of the Congress of Peru, the head of the legislature and next in the line of succession for the Presidency of Peru. Williams currently represents the constituency of Lima in the Peruvian Congress as a member of Go on Country - Social Integration Party.
Mundial was a Peruvian weekly magazine. It was one of the publications that marked the birth of modern journalism in Peru, both for its graphic design and its content when it appeared in Lima on April 28, 1920. It reached up to number 576, corresponding to 4 September 1931. Its director was Andrés Aramburú Salinas and it was printed on the site of the La Opinión Nacional, a publishing house on Calle Mantas 152.
Óscar Miró Quesada de la Guerra (1884–1981) also known as Racso, was a prominent Peruvian scientific journalist. He was born in Lima on July 30, 1884 and died in 1981. He was the son of José Antonio Miró Quesada and Matilde de la Guerra Gorostidi.
Luis Jose Antonio Miró Quesada Garland (1914-1994) was a Peruvian architect, professor, essay writer, art critic and a promoter of modern architecture in Peru. He played an important part in the process of change in Lima, from a society rooted in tradition and academic canon into a modern one. His actions were key to the social and urban changes, related to modern architecture and art, which happened during the 1940s. He died on 1994 at the age of 80 in Lima, Peru.
Fernando Berckemeyer Olaechea is a Peruvian journalist who served as editor-in-chief of El Comercio, Peru's oldest and most traditional newspaper, from 2014 to 2018, being the youngest to hold the position.
El Comercio Group (GEC) is a Peruvian media conglomerate that owns multiple newspapers, television stations and other entities. The largest media conglomerate in Peru and one of the largest in South America, El Comercio Group is owned by the Miró Quesada family.
The Madrid Forum is an anti-communist organization created on 26 October 2020 by the Disenso Foundation think tank of the far-right Spanish political party Vox. Its founding document, the Madrid Charter, includes signatures by Trumpist members of the Republican Party in the United States, Venezuelan opposition members, Cuban dissidents, Fujimorists of Peru, and other representatives of political parties from Latin America.
Wayka is a nonprofit online newspaper based in Peru that describes itself as an organization dedicated to promoting democracy, the protection of human rights and achieving the common good. The website believes that information accessibility is a human right not to be commoditized and that the media should remain independent from financial and political influence. The number of readers is between one and three million.
The National Club is a private club and civil association based in the Plaza San Martín of the Historic Centre of Lima. Founded on October 19, 1855, it has been the meeting place for the Peruvian aristocracy throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, as its members are members of the most distinguished and wealthy families in the country.
Nivardo Vasni Córdova Salinas is a Peruvian writer, editor and journalist.
Ojo is a Peruvian tabloid newspaper founded in 1968 by businessman Luis Banchero Rossi.
Jirón Santa Rosa, known as Jirón Antonio Miró Quesada and as Jirón Ayacucho before that, is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón de la Unión and continues until it reaches Miguel Grau Avenue.
The Charity of Lima, officially the Society of Charity of Metropolitan Lima, is a charitable organisation that serves the city of Lima, in Peru.
The Geographical Society of Lima is a scientific institution and geographical society based in Lima, Peru, founded in 1888. It has a library of ancient works and publishes works of geographical significance. It was founded with the purpose of collecting materials to support the defense of territorial rights disputed by neighbouring countries, something of great importance at the time of its foundation, and currently studies national geography and natural resources, determining the best routes for the construction of land roads and promoting immigration, as well as forming and preserving a geographical library, and maintaining correspondence with analogous societies in the world. It awards decorations to those who make significant contributions to the knowledge of the reality of Peru.
Carlos Miró Quesada Laos was a Peruvian journalist, politician and diplomat.
Antonio Tomás Miró Quesada de la Guerra was a Peruvian journalist, lawyer, diplomat and politician. He was director of the newspaper El Comercio from 1905 until his assassination in 1935, having written articles in his final years under the pseudonym of El Mismo.
The Miró Quesada family is a Peruvian business family. The family is considered one of the most powerful groups in the country, due to the business conglomerate in media, mining, tourism, and banking that is under its ownership. Most notably, the family is the owner of El Comercio Group, a media conglomerate that owns the newspaper of the same name.
Diario Expreso is a daily newspaper with national circulation in Peru. Founded in 1961, it is among the newspapers with the highest circulation in Peru.
1 2 3 Barnhurst, Kevin G. (1994). "Layout as Political Expression: Visual Literacy and the Peruvian Press". Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. El Comercio, the most conservative newspaper with the most space, covered many stories about terrorism, but tended to bury them inside
↑ Malpica Silva Santisteban, Carlos (1989). El poder económico en el Perú (in Spanish). Vol.2: El poder económico en el Perú: Accionistas de financieras, seguros, bancos regionales y otros empresarios nacionales. Mosca Azul Editores. p.986.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
