Newspaper of record

For the horse, see Newspaperofrecord.

The New York Times Building in Midtown Manhattan; some meanings of the term originated in reference to The New York Times .

A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The level and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is regarded as being related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country. ^{[1] [2]}

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is largely directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record. ^{[1] [2]}

Newspapers of public record

Paris headquarters of Le Figaro , France's centre-right newspaper of record (public record and by reputation)

A "newspaper of public record", or government gazette, refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices. ^[3] It is often established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice. ^[4] Such gazettes often have little editorial content (i.e. opinion articles), and are focused on the transmission of information to the public regarding state services and state decisions; an example is Latvia's Latvijas Vēstnesis . ^[5]

In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the public authorities to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others). ^{[6] [7] [8]} Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices, such as notices of fictitious business names, if certain judicial and statutory standards are met. ^{[9] [10]} These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers". ^[11]

As government communications

The term "newspapers of public record" can also be used to denote those that are owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed "state mouthpieces", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether or not it also publishes legal notices - distinguishing them from a gazette whose primary role is to publish notices, as their entire editorial copy represents the official view and doctrine of the State. This kind of official newspaper should not be confused with newspapers of record by reputation or for their reliability, and in fact are liable to fail the reputation criterial due to the level of governmental control involved. Inclusion of the word "official" can be used to separate them from "newspapers of record by reputation". Notable examples include Russia's Rossiyskaya Gazeta , ^[12] North Korea's Rodong Sinmun , ^[13] and China's People's Daily . ^[14]

Newspapers of record by reputation

First edition of Neue Zürcher Zeitung (1780), the world's oldest newspaper of record by reputation

The second type of "newspaper of record" (also known as a "journal of record", or by the French term presse de référence) is not defined by any formal criteria, and their characteristics can vary. The category typically consists of those newspapers that are considered to meet higher standards of journalism than most print media, including editorial independence (particularly from the ruling government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage; ^[15] they are often renowned internationally, and regarded as sources in their country and/or region by other global outlets. ^{[16] [17]}

Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many newspapers of record are over a century old, with some close to, or over, two centuries old (e.g. Neue Zürcher Zeitung , The Times , The Guardian , Le Figaro , and The Sydney Morning Herald ). ^[16] Some newspapers of record by reputation, while respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting, can still be recognized as ideologically conservative (e.g. The Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph ) or liberal (e.g. The Washington Post and The Guardian ). ^[18]

While many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries, they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples include Turkey's Cumhuriyet , where many of the staff have been imprisoned, ^[19] Panama's La Prensa , where staff has been shot and the owners forced into exile, ^[20] and Venezuela's El Nacional , ^[21] which was effectively forced out of print by the state who seized all their assets (see examples of fallen newspapers of record). ^[22]

Etymology

The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to The New York Times as the "newspaper of record" when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects covered in its pages. ^{[18] [23]} In recognition of the usage, The New York Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". The New York Times, and other newspapers of its type, then sought to be chroniclers of events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts, and appointments. The New York Times no longer considers itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. ^[24]

Over time, historians relied on The New York Times and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to its currently understood meaning. ^[23]

The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record" is attributed to the Wall Street Journal , ^{[25] [26]} the Financial Times , ^[27] and to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) . ^[28] While newspapers of record by reputation are typically major widely-read national (and international) publications, subject-specific newspapers of record also exist (see examples of subject-specific newspapers of record).

Examples of existing newspapers

Country	Region	Newspaper		City of publication	Founded	Language	Refs.
Argentina	South America		La Nación	Buenos Aires	1870	Spanish	[21] [29] [30]
Australia	Oceania		The Age	Melbourne	1854	English	[15] [18]
			The Sydney Morning Herald	Sydney	1831		[31] [15] [18]
Austria	West Europe		Die Presse	Vienna	1848 [lower-alpha 1]	German	[33]
			Der Standard		1988		[34]
Bahamas	North America		The Nassau Guardian	Nassau	1844	English	[35]
Bangladesh	South Asia		The Daily Star	Dhaka	1991	English	[36] [37]
Belgium	West Europe		Le Soir	Brussels	1887	French	[38]
			De Standaard	Groot-Bijgaarden	1918	Dutch	[39]
Bolivia	South America		El Diario	La Paz	1904	Spanish	[40]
Brazil	South America		O Estado de S. Paulo	São Paulo	1875	Portuguese	[41] [42] [43]
			Folha de S.Paulo		1921		[44]
			O Globo	Rio de Janeiro	1925		[21]
Canada	North America		Le Devoir	Montreal	1910	French	[45]
			The Globe and Mail	Toronto	1844 [lower-alpha 2]	English	[46] [47] [48] [49] [18]
Chile	South America		El Mercurio	Santiago	1900 [lower-alpha 3]	Spanish	[21] [50]
Colombia	South America		El Tiempo	Bogotá	1911	Spanish	[21] [51] [52]
Czech Republic	East Europe		Lidové noviny	Prague	1893	Czech	[53]
Denmark	North Europe		Berlingske	Copenhagen	1749 [lower-alpha 4]	Danish	[54] [55] [56]
Egypt	North Africa		Al-Ahram	Cairo	1875	Arabic	[57] [58] [59]
Finland	North Europe		Helsingin Sanomat	Helsinki	1889	Finnish	[54] [60]
France	West Europe		Le Figaro	Paris	1826 [lower-alpha 5]	French	[62] [63] [64]
			Libération		1973		[65]
			Le Monde		1944 [lower-alpha 6]		[66] [67] [68] [64]
Germany	West Europe		Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	Frankfurt	1949 [lower-alpha 7]	German	[69] [50]
			Der Spiegel	Hamburg	1947		[70] [71] [72]
			Süddeutsche Zeitung	Munich	1945		[73]
			Die Zeit	Hamburg	1946		[73] [64]
Greece	South Europe		Kathimerini	Athens	1919	Greek	[74] [75]
Hong Kong	East Asia		South China Morning Post	Hong Kong	1903	English	[76] [77]
Iceland	North Europe		Morgunblaðið	Reykjavík	1913	Icelandic	[78] [79]
India	South Asia		The Hindu	Chennai	1878	English	[80] [81]
			The Times of India	Mumbai	1838 [lower-alpha 8]		[18] [82] [15]
Indonesia	Southeast Asia		Kompas	Jakarta	1965	Indonesian	[83] [84]
Iran	West Asia		Ettela'at	Tehran	1926	Persian	[85] [86]
Ireland	North Europe		The Irish Times	Dublin	1859	English	[15] [87]
Israel	West Asia		Haaretz	Tel Aviv	1919	Hebrew and English	[88] [89] [90] [91] [18]
Italy	South Europe		Il Sole 24 Ore	Milan	1965	Italian	[92] [93] [94]
			Corriere della Sera	Milan	1876		[95] [96] [97] [64]
			La Stampa	Turin	1867		[98] [99] [64]
			la Repubblica	Rome	1976		[97]
Jamaica	North America		The Gleaner	Kingston	1834	English	[100] [101]
Japan	East Asia		The Asahi Shimbun	Osaka	1879	Japanese and English	[102] [103] [104]
			Mainichi Shimbun	Tokyo	1872		[105]
			Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)		1876		[28]
			Yomiuri Shimbun		1874		[106] [107]
Kenya	East Africa		Daily Nation	Nairobi	1960 [lower-alpha 9]	English	[108] [109] [110]
Lebanon	West Asia		An-Nahar	Beirut	1933	Arabic	[111] [112]
			L'Orient-Le Jour	Beirut	1971	French	[113] [114]
Luxembourg	West Europe		Luxemburger Wort	Luxembourg City	1848	German, Luxembourgish, English, and French	[115]
Malaysia	Southeast Asia		New Straits Times [lower-alpha 10]	Kuala Lumpur	1965 [lower-alpha 11]	English	[116] [117]
Mexico	North America		Reforma	Mexico City	1993	Spanish	[21]
Netherlands	West Europe		NRC	Amsterdam	1970 [lower-alpha 12]	Dutch	[118]
New Zealand	Oceania		The New Zealand Herald	Auckland	1863	English	[15]
Norway	North Europe		Aftenposten	Oslo	1860	Norwegian (Riksmål)	[54] [119]
Pakistan	South Asia		Dawn	Karachi	1941	English	[120] [121] [122]
Panama	North America		La Prensa	Panama City	1980	Spanish	[123] [124] [20]
Peru	South America		El Comercio	Lima	1839	Spanish	[21]
Philippines	Southeast Asia		Philippine Daily Inquirer	Makati	1985	English	[125] [126] [127]
Poland	East Europe		Gazeta Wyborcza	Warsaw	1989	Polish	[128] [129]
			Rzeczpospolita		1920 [lower-alpha 13]		[128] [130]
Portugal	South Europe		Diário de Notícias	Lisbon	1864	Portuguese	[131] [132]
			Público	Lisbon	1990		[133] [134] [135]
Singapore	Southeast Asia		The Straits Times [lower-alpha 10]	Singapore	1845	English	[116] [117]
South Africa	South Africa		Mail & Guardian	Johannesburg	1985	English	[136] [137]
South Korea	East Asia		The Chosun Ilbo	Seoul	1920	Korean	[138]
			The Dong-a Ilbo		1920		[138]
			JoongAng Ilbo		1965		[138]
Spain	South Europe		ABC	Madrid	1903	Spanish	[139] [140] [141]
			El Mundo		1989		[142] [64]
			El País		1976		[143] [144] [64]
Sweden	North Europe		Dagens Nyheter	Stockholm	1864	Swedish	[54] [145]
Switzerland	West Europe		Neue Zürcher Zeitung	Zürich	1780	German	[146] [147] [64]
			Le Temps	Geneva	1998 [lower-alpha 14]	French	[147] [148]
Thailand	Southeast Asia		Bangkok Post	Bangkok	1946	English	[149] [150] [151] [152]
Trinidad and Tobago	North America		Trinidad and Tobago Guardian	Port of Spain	1917	English	[153] [154]
Turkey	West Asia		Cumhuriyet	Istanbul	1924	Turkish	[19]
United Kingdom	North Europe		The Daily Telegraph	London	1855	English	[15] [155] [18]
			The Financial Times		1888		[15] [18] [27] [64]
			The Guardian		1821 [lower-alpha 15]		[18] [64] [82]
			The Times		1785 [lower-alpha 16]		[155] [15] [18]
United States	North America		Chicago Tribune	Chicago	1847	English	[156]
			Los Angeles Times	Los Angeles	1881		[15] [18]
			The New York Times	New York City	1851		[15] [18] [157] [158]
			The Wall Street Journal		1889		[15] [18] [64] [159]
			The Washington Post	Washington, D.C.	1877		[15] [18] [64] [159]
Vatican City	South Europe		L'Osservatore Romano	Rome	1861	Italian, English, French, Spanish, German, Polish, and Portuguese	[160] [161]

Examples of fallen newspapers

Former headquarters of El Nacional , Venezuela's long-standing newspaper of record, which was seized by the state in 2018 and forced to end newsprint production

Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have the same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of press freedom and political freedom in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen a decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia). ^[1]

Examples include:

• Zimbabwe's The Herald , lost its status as an established newspaper of record when it was eventually taken over by Robert Mugabe's Zanu-PF party. ^[162]
• Venezuela's newspaper of record, El Nacional, ^[21] was forced out of print by the state in 2018, and its headquarters was given to a high-ranking official. ^[22]
• London-based pan-Arab newspaper of record, Al-Hayat , ceased in 2020 due to financial and political pressures. ^{[163] [164]}
• In Cambodia, the Hun Sen administration forced both of Cambodia's newspapers of record out of business using contrived tax fines that resulted in the closure of The Cambodia Daily in 2017, ^{[165] [166]} and the sale of The Phnom Penh Post to a close ally of the Hun Sen administration in 2018. ^{[167] [168]}
• Latvian newspaper Diena saw its established status as a newspaper of record diminish after a 2010 takeover, with the Historical Dictionary of Latvia (2017) listing it as "holding tenuously to a popular newspaper-of-record sentiment at home and abroad" due to "questions of ownership and if said owners influence newspaper content". ^[169]

See also

• Freedom of the press
• Grupo de Diarios América
• List of national newspapers
• List of government gazettes

Notes

1. Staff split in 1864 to form Neue Freie Presse, aryanized by the Nazis in 1938 and closed in 1939, reestablished as Die Presse in 1946. ^[32]
2. Successor to The Globe (founded 1844), The Toronto Mail (1872) and Toronto Empire (1887); papers merged in 1895 and 1936.
3. Spun off from El Mercurio de Valparaíso (founded 1827).
4. Named Berlingske Tidende until 2011.
5. Le Figaro is France's oldest national newspaper still operating to this date. ^[61]
6. Founded as a successor to the discredited collaborationist Le Temps (founded 1861).
7. Considered a successor to the Frankfurter Zeitung (founded 1856), banned in 1943 by the Nazis.
8. Named The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce until mergers in 1860–1.
9. Originated as the Swahili Taifa in 1958.
10. The Straits Times and New Straits Times were qualified as "semi-official newspapers of record" in the Encyclopedia of Journalism (2009) as "each is tightly connected to the dominant political party of their respective countries". ^[116]
11. Spun off from The Straits Times (founded 1845) upon Singapore's independence.
12. Merger of Algemeen Handelsblad (founded 1828) and Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant (1844).
13. Dissolved in 1931 and revived in 1944, second dissolution in 1951, revived again in 1982.
14. Merger of Journal de Genève (founded 1826), Gazette de Lausanne (1798), and Nouveau Quotidien (1991).
15. Founded as The Manchester Guardian, adopted its present name in 1959.
16. Named The Daily Universal Register until 1788.

References

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6. See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette
7. For example, see Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper Archived 9 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
8. "1.12 Official Newspaper - City of McCleary". cityofmccleary.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
9. See, e.g., "California Government Code, Sec. 6000 - 6008". California Legislative Information. California State Legislature. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
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14. Manuel, Ryan (14 December 2017). "China is furious and Australia should expect more backlash after questioning its influence". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 10 May 2022. Most significantly, the People's Daily, China's official newspaper of record, had a special signed editorial attacking Australia's government and media.
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20. "Four Journalists Win Columbia University's Cabot Prizes For Coverage of Latin America". Columbia University Record . 21 (9). November 1995. Retrieved 9 May 2022. For the past 15 years, Mr. Eisenmann has led Panama's internationally respected daily newspaper of record, La Prensa, as founding editor and publisher.
21. Johnston, Donald H. (2003). "Chapter: Freedom of the Press in Latin America". Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications. Vol. 2. Academic Press. p. 143. ISBN   978-0123876706 . Retrieved 9 May 2022. ...the newspaper of record in any country is compulsory reading for political, business, and cultural leaders and the most prestigious such papers in the region, organized into the Grupo de Diarios America, are La Nacion (Buenos Aires, Argentina), O Globo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), El Tiempo (Bogota, Colombia), El Mercurio (Santiago, Chile), El Comercio (Ecuador), Reforma (Mexico), El Nuevo Dia Interactivo (Puerto Rico), El Comercio (Lima, Peru), El Pais (Montevideo, Uruguay), and El Nacional (Caracas, Venezuela)
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34. Markovits, Andrei S.; Reich, Simon (18 October 2018) [1997]. "Austria: Germany's Junior Partner". The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 102. doi:10.7591/9781501732898. ISBN   978-1-5017-3289-8. LCCN   96042943 . Retrieved 25 October 2023.
35. Beezley, William H. (September 2021). Latin America 2020-2022 (54th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 433. ISBN   978-1475856439. The Nassau Guardian, founded in 1844, is the country's newspaper of record and one of the oldest continuously published newspapers in the Western Hemisphere.
36. Roy, Anupam Debashis (January 2020). Not All Springs End Winter. Adarsha. p. 144. ASIN   B097ZL8NFW. Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, ....
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39. Art, David (May 2011). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe . Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ISBN   978-0521720328. For example, the Flemish newspaper of record, De Standaard, published an ...
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42. Fabricio, Roberto (16 April 1992). "Brazilian Officers Issue Manifesto". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2013. The statement, published on Tuesday by O Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's newspaper of record, was datelined in Fortaleza, a mid-sized city in northeastern Brazil.
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44. Carter, Cynthia; Steiner, Linda; McLaughlin, Lisa (December 2013). The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender . Routledge. p. 435. ISBN   978-0415527699. The daily Folha de São Paulo is Brazil's newspaper of record
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48. Jiwani, Yasmin (2009). "Helpless Maidens and Chivalrous Knights: Afghan Women in the Canadian Press". University of Toronto Quarterly . 2. 78 (2): 728–744. doi:10.3138/utq.78.2.728. S2CID   153558457. This essay interrogates representations of Afghan women in the Globe and Mail, Canada's major English-language daily and newspaper of record.
49. Keil, Roger; S. Harris Ali (2011). Networked Disease: Emerging Infections in the Global City. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-1444399110 . Retrieved 14 October 2012.
50. Raicheva-Stover, Maria; Ibroscheva, Elza (2014). Women in Politics and Media: Perspectives from Nations in Transition . Bloomsbury Academic. p. 137. ISBN   978-1501318986. Germany's FAZ [Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung] and Chile's El Mercurio are each nation's newspaper of record.
51. Rathbone, John Paul (3 June 2013). "The history and politics of Colombian media". Financial Times . Retrieved 6 May 2022. Luis Carlos Sarmiento, who has a $14bn fortune, according to Forbes, in 2012 bought El Tiempo, Colombia's largest-circulation daily and the newspaper of record.
52. "Terror of the Black Hand (Part 1)". The Irish Times . 9 March 2001. Retrieved 6 May 2022. On January 19th in Bogota, the city section of El Tiempo, Colombia's newspaper of record, ran a report which sent shivers through most urban readers.
53. Bermel, Neil (2007). Linguistic Authority, Language Ideology, and Metaphor: The Czech Orthography Wars. Language, Power and Social Process. Vol. 17. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 175. doi:10.1515/9783110197662. ISBN   978-3-11-019766-2. OCLC   290492567. Lidové noviny is traditionally held to be the Czech Republic's paper of record.
54. Ahari, Shannon K. Tanhayi. "Research Guides: Scandinavian Studies: Newspapers". UCLA Library . Retrieved 1 September 2023.
55. "Berlingske". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 October 2022. ... generally regarded as Denmark's leading paper.
56. Morris, Kieran (20 February 2020). "What Noma did next: how the 'New Nordic' is reshaping the food world". The Guardian . Retrieved 2 October 2022. At the time, Camilla Plum, a Danish food writer and TV personality, was quoted in Denmark's newspaper of record, Berlingske, lambasting the manifesto's toothlessness.
57. Fleet, Kate; Boyar, Ebru (July 2018). Middle Eastern and North African Societies in the Interwar Period. Brill Publishers. p. 152. ISBN   978-9004367142. Their relations were destined to end abruptly shortly thereafter, but as long as they lasted the report on their marriage along with their photos were featured on the front page of al-Ahram, Egypt's newspaper of record.
58. Perreault, Gregory (2011). "Islam is Everywhere": Coverage of Islam in the English Egyptian Press". Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly: 14. Retrieved 10 October 2013. This is significant because the state-run Al Ahram is considered the paper of record in Egypt
59. Bein, Amit (December 2017). Kemalist Turkey and the Middle East: International Relations in the Interwar Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 173. ISBN   978-1107198005. ... with long excerpts of it published in columns on the front page of al-Ahram, Egypt's newspaper of record.
60. Muir, Simo; Worther, Hana (2013). Finland's Holocaust: Silences of History. Springer. p. 20. ISBN   978-1137302649. [T]hey appeared in the monthly magazine of Finland's paper of record, the Helsingin Sanomat.
61. "Le Figaro opts for freemium web model". The Guardian. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
62. "Le Figaro". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 31 May 2015. ... one of the great newspapers of France and of the world.
63. "Le Monde, whose print edition comes out around lunchtime, was launched at the end of Nazi occupation of France in 1944 and took on the role of France's newspaper of record alongside the more conservative Le Figaro." - France's Le Monde newspaper editor quits after power struggle with staff Archived 10 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine , Reuters, 14 May 2014
64. "A Newspaper of Record". McMaster University Library . 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
65. Bryant, Elizabeth (27 October 2006). "A capital crisis may bring down leftist French paper / Liberation, founded in 1968, has seen circulation plummet". SFGATE . Retrieved 22 June 2023.
66. "Le Monde | French newspaper". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2018. ... one of the most important and widely respected newspapers in the world.
67. Fuller, Thomas (25 August 2003). "World of Le Monde looks set to expand". International Herald Tribune .
68. "France profile". BBC News . 12 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Le Monde - respected national daily, considered to be France's newspaper of record
69. "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung | German newspaper". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
70. "Deutsch-Französische Materialien: Die Leitmedien". www.deuframat.de. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
71. Pohlmann, Sonja (17 November 2007). "Ein Leitmedium braucht eine Leitfigur". www.tagesspiegel.de (in German). Retrieved 22 October 2020.
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74. Clogg, Richard (February 2018). Greek to Me: A Memoir of Academic Life. I.B. Tauris. p. 75. ISBN   978-1784539887. She had been the courageous publisher of the conservative Kathimerini, the nearest thing that Greece had to a newspaper of record.
75. "Greece's agony: What have we become?". The Economist . 30 June 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2022. Alexis Papahelas, editor of Kathimerini, Greece's newspaper of record, has coined the term "coalition of the unwilling" to describe the array of ultra-leftist and ultra-traditionalist forces bent on blocking reform.
76. Pepper, Suzanne (June 2007). Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 251. ISBN   978-0742508774. The South China Morning Post remained staunchly pro—government and surpassed expectations by becoming the newspaper of record ...
77. Lanchester, John (2008). Family Romance: A Love Story . Penguin. p.  140. ISBN   9780143112952. The clippings are from the South China Morning Post, the paper of record in Hong Kong
78. "Iceland: Paper published back to front in nod to history". BBC News. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
79. Bjarnason, Egill (201). How Iceland Changed the World: The Big History of a Small Island. Penguin. p. 38. ISBN   978-0-14-313588-3. The interview appeared in Morgunblaðið , Iceland's newspaper of record ...
80. Drèze, Jean; Sen, Amartya (21 February 1991). The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 1: Entitlement and Well-being. Clarendon Press. ISBN   9780191544460.
81. Bald, Vivek; Chatterji, Miabi; Reddy, Sujani; Vimalassery, Manu (22 July 2013). The Sun Never Sets: South Asian Migrants in an Age of U.S. Power. NYU Press. ISBN   978-0814786437.
82. Greg Barton; Paul Weller; Ihsan Yilmaz (18 December 2014). The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement. A&C Black. pp. 28–. ISBN   978-1-4411-5873-4 . Retrieved 9 March 2020.
83. Schwarz, Adam; Paris, Jonathan (1999). The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia. Council on Foreign Relations Press. p. 25. ISBN   9780876092477 . Retrieved 31 May 2015. .. Kompass, the Indonesian national newspaper of record.
84. "Indonesia: Media Landscape". Reporters Without Borders . 8 December 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2022. They include the daily Kompas, the newspaper of record, with a circulation of more than half a million, and the weekly Tempo, which has built a solid reputation for investigative journalism.
85. "Iran Media Guide". FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
86. Shahidi, Hossein (May 2010). Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession. Routledge. p. 44. ISBN   978-0415583169 . Retrieved 8 May 2022. In the years to come, of the three main pre-Revolution dailies, Ettela'at continued its traditional position as a 'newspaper of record'.
87. Dwan, David (April 2009). "The Irish Times, book review". The London Standard . Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014. Today, the Irish Times is one of Ireland's most authoritative journals – the newspaper of record for political and intellectual elites from Mayo to Monkstown.
88. "Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide" (PDF). U.S. Government: Open Source Center . 16 September 2008. p. 12. Retrieved 16 May 2022. Ha'aretz, the left-of-center daily of record, ...
89. Levey, Gregory (21 August 2008). "Pushing right-wing American politics — in Israel". Salon . Retrieved 24 January 2014. In the past few months, Haaretz, Israel's paper of record, has run a series of articles expressing misgivings about outside influence.
90. Rosen, Brant (11 May 2010). "Alan Dershowitz and the Politics of Desperation". The Huffington Post . Retrieved 24 January 2014. Recent polling, alongside articles in both the New York Times and the Israeli paper of record, Ha'aretz, indicate that the American Jewish community no longer feels represented by our so-called representatives - if we ever did.
91. Gorenberg, Gershom (September 2002). "The Thin Green Line". Mother Jones . Retrieved 24 January 2014. In late January, the declaration ran as an ad in Ha'aretz, the national paper of record...
92. Cornia, Alessio (15 June 2022). "Italy". Digital news report 2022. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism-University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Highest Brand Trust score among Italian newspapers
93. Cornia, Alessio (23 June 2021). "Italy". 2021 Digital News Report. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism-University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Highest Brand Trust score among Italian newspapers
94. Martini, Lorenzo; Alex, Foti (19 June 2014). "Back to the Future of Media". Via Sarfatti 25. Bocconi University. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023.
95. Israely, Jeff; Macleod, Scott (1 June 2003). "Editing Out Criticism". Time . Archived from the original on 27 March 2013.
96. Grove, Lloyd (6 February 1998). "Diplomatic Affinity". Los Angeles Times .
97. Thurman, Judith (24 June 2010). "Debenedetti Confesses!". The New Yorker .
98. Politi, James; Massoudi, Arash (2 March 2016). "Fiat Chrysler to fold La Stampa into group behind La Repubblica". Financial Times .
99. "La Stampa | Italian newspaper". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
100. Beezley, William H. (September 2021). Latin America 2020-2022 (54th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 266. ISBN   978-1475856439. The Daily Gleaner, established in 1834, is one of the oldest continually published newspapers in the hemisphere and is still Jamaica's newspaper of record.
101. Surlin, Stuart H.; Soderlund, Walter C. (1990). Mass Media and the Caribbean. Taylor & Francis. p.  20. ISBN   9782881244476.
102. Brasor, Philip (27 November 2021). "Reporter's death puts spotlight on shifting media landscape". The Japan Times . Retrieved 10 May 2022. One frequent target is the Asahi Shimbun, which to many is the liberal newspaper of record in Japan.
103. Johnson, David T.; Zimring, Franklin E. (February 2009). The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia. Studies in Crime and Public Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 71. ISBN   978-0195337402. Some months later, Japan's newspaper of record (the Asahi Shimbun) published a poem calling Hatoyama "the grim reaper" (shinigami).
104. Lukner, Kerstin; Sakaki, Alexandra (December 2019). Trust and Mistrust in Contemporary Japanese Politics (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN   978-0367892753. ..Asahi Shimbun, Japan's second largest newspaper and the 'newspaper of record' ..
105. "Mainichi shimbun | Japanese newspaper". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2018. It is usually ranked second to Asahi shimbun as regards national and international prestige, but it appears with its rival on most experts' lists of the world's greatest newspapers.
106. Cho, Hiromi; Lacy, Stephen (2002). "Competition for Circulation Among Japanese National and Local Daily Newspapers". Journal of Media Economics . 15 (2): 73–89. doi:10.1207/S15327736ME1502_1. S2CID   153633875. The Yomiuri Shimbun is considered by many to be Japan's newspaper of record, particularly as it is the newspaper that most closely reflects the position of the Japanese government (Luther, 2002).
107. Saccani, Rico. Made in Italy - The Story of an American Conductor. First Creative. p. 155. ASIN   B004FV5BT0. The Yomiuri had been founded twenty-five years earlier, when the President of the Yomiuri Shinbun, Japan's newspaper of record, wanted to celebrate the paper's anniversary with a symphony concert for its employees.
108. "Historical Perspective". nationaudio.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 14 March 2005.
109. Benesch, Susan (21 March 2013). "The Kenyan Elections: Peace Happened". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 October 2013. Kenya's newspaper of record, the Daily Nation, published a banner headline "Never Again" over an editorial with a sharp, eloquent warning
110. Onyebadi, Uche; Oyedeji, Tayo (2011). "Newspaper coverage of post political election violence in Africa: an assessment of the Kenyan example". Media, War & Conflict. 4 (3): 217. doi:10.1177/1750635211420768. ISSN   1750-6352. JSTOR   26000315. S2CID   144537355.
111. "U.S. AND P.L.O. SAID TO BE CLOSE TO ACCORD ON A GUERRILLA PULLOUT". The New York Times . 6 August 1982. Retrieved 6 May 2022. An Nahar, the newspaper of record for the entire Arab world, which was printed every day during the 1975-76 civil war, ground to a halt Wednesday on its 50th anniversary after an Israeli phosphorous [sic] shell sailed into the fourth floor of its building.
112. Smith, William Edgett (16 August 1982). "Middle East: Beirut Goes Up in Flames". Time . Retrieved 6 May 2022. Countless buildings in the Hamra area were badly damaged, including the Information Ministry and the headquarters of An Nahar, the newspaper of record for the entire Arab world.
113. "L'Orient-Le Jour". Courrier International . Retrieved 11 March 2024. Quotidien francophone libanais né en 1971 d'une fusion entre L'Orient et Le Jour, il est l'un des journaux en langue étrangère les plus lus dans le pays et au sein de la diaspora libanaise, notamment francophone.
114. Barré, Nicolas (7 March 2024). "« L'Orient-Le jour », les cent ans d'une institution libanaise". Les Echos . Retrieved 11 March 2024. Le quotidien créé à Beyrouth en 1924 a survécu aux guerres et aux crises et est l'un des seuls médias véritablement indépendants du monde arabe.
115. "Citizen Engagement and Media Campaign on Chronic Diseases" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2023.
116. Christopher, H. Sterling (2009). "A–C". Encyclopedia of Journalism . Vol. 1. SAGE Publishing. p. 108. ISBN   978-0761929574.
117. Corfield, Justin (2010). Historical Dictionary of Singapore . Scarecrow Press. p. 255. ISBN   978-0810871847. Straits Times (and New Straits Times): ... it has emerged as a newspaper of record
118. Waterfield, Bruno (4 March 2010). "Geert Wilders on course to be next Dutch prime minister" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
119. Lowe, Kristine (8 July 2008). "Online Journalism Scandinavia: Norway's Aftenposten to webcast editorial meetings". Editors Blog. Journalism.co.uk.
120. Walsh, Declan (July 2021). The Nine Lives of Pakistan: Dispatches from a Divided Nation. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. xxi. ISBN   978-1408868492. Cyril Almeida, a senior journalist with Dawn, Pakistan's newspaper of record, who, furious at the news of my expulsion.
121. Rashid, Ahmed (4 July 2018). "The assault on Pakistan media ahead of vote". BBC . Retrieved 3 December 2020. Dawn is the unofficial newspaper of record - indispensable for businessmen, diplomats and military officers alike - and known for its influential editorials that affect Pakistan's image worldwide.
122. Nugent, Ciara; Perrigo, Billy (2 June 2020). "'The Edge of an Abyss.' How the World's Newspapers Are Responding as the U.S. Descends Into Chaos". Time . Retrieved 9 May 2022. In Pakistan, which has a longstanding, if strained, military alliance with the U.S., the country's newspaper of record, Dawn, ran an editorial under the headline "Trump on the Warpath."
123. Rockwell, Rick J.; Janus, Noreene (2003). Media Power in Central America. University of Illinois Press. p. 59. ISBN   978-0252028021. JSTOR   10.5406/j.ctt2ttd20.
124. Center for Public Integrity (2004). The Corruption Notebooks: 25 Investigative Journalists Report on Abuses of Power in Their Home Country . Public Integrity Books. p. 237. ISBN   978-1882583195. After the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama , and the ouster of General Manuel Noriega , La Prensa became the country's newspaper of record
125. "Philippine Daily Inquirer". Library of Congress . Retrieved 7 May 2022. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. Founded in 1985, it is often regarded as the Philippines' newspaper of record.
126. "Actor-politicians and understanding the vote of the poor". The Manila Times . 6 July 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
127. Claudio, Leloy (7 May 2014). "Reform the country's 'paper of record". GMA News . Retrieved 19 November 2016.
128. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. Britannica Educational Publishing. 1 June 2013. p. 131. ISBN   9781615309917.
129. Örnebring, Henrik (November 2017). Newsworkers: A Comparative European Perspective. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 51. ISBN   978-1501338229. The creation of what is arguably the national newspaper of record, Gazeta Wyborcza, stands as an example of ....
130. Szczerbiak, Aleks (2020). "1 Introduction". Politicising the Communist Past: The Politics of Truth Revelation in Post-Communist Poland. Routledge. ISBN   978-0367433581. ...Rzeczpospolita daily newspaper, the main Polish newspaper of record...
131. Wheeler, Douglas L.; Opello, Walter C. Jr. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Portugal (3rd ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 189. ISBN   978-0810860889. The major Lisbon newspapers are Didrio de Noticias (daily and newspaper of record) ....
132. Eaman, Ross (2009). The A to Z of Journalism . The Scarecrow Press. p. 237. ISBN   978-0810871540. The most prestigious newspaper for print journalists is the Diario de noticias, Portugal's "newspaper of record", followed by the more popular Jornal de noticias and the staunchly independent Publico.
133. Cavanagh, Allison; Steel, John (November 2019). Letters to the Editor: Comparative and Historical Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 17. ISBN   978-3030264796. Our case study of a Portuguese newspaper of record, Público, ....
134. Carter, Cynthia; Steiner, Linda; McLaughlin, Lisa (December 2013). The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender . Routledge. p. 435. ISBN   978-0415527699. The daily Público is Portugal's newspaper of record, with typical news and section divides.
135. Fishman, Robert M. (April 2019). Democratic Practice: Origins of the Iberian Divide in Political Inclusion. Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN   978-0190912888. .... with Portuguese journalists included José Manuel Fernandes, at the time director of Portugal's newspaper of record, Publico, Lisbon.
136. Christopher, H. Sterling (2009). "A–C". Encyclopedia of Journalism . Vol. 1. SAGE Publishing. p. 39. ISBN   978-0761929574.
137. Jones, Adam (1998). "From Rightist to 'Brightest'? The Strange Tale of South Africa's Citizen". Journal of Southern African Studies . 24 (2): 325–45. Bibcode:1998JSAfS..24..325J. doi:10.1080/03057079808708579. JSTOR   2637530 . Retrieved 8 May 2022.
138. Youm, Kyu Ho; Kwak, Nojin (August 2018). "3". Korean Communication, Media, and Culture: An Annotated Bibliography (1st ed.). Lexington Books. p. 71. ISBN   978-1498583329. The prominent "big three" publications — Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, and Joongang Ilbo — are newspapers of record with a combined three million subscribers.
139. Sklair, Leslie (May 2022). The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk. Routledge. p. 175. ISBN   978-0367641993. ABC, the third 'newspaper of record' in Spain ...
140. McCullough, Colin; Wilson, Nathan (15 September 2014). Violence, Memory, and History: Western Perceptions of Kristallnacht. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN   978-1-134-75777-0. As of July 1936, ABC in Madrid, a conservative newspaper of record and the largest Spanish daily, was seized by the Popular Front
141. Magnussen, Anne (2020). Spanish Comics: Historical and Cultural Perspectives. Berghahn. p. 63. ISBN   9781789209976. ABC, the newspaper of record in Franco's Spain
142. Sklair, Leslie (May 2022). The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN   978-0367641993. Coverage in El Mundo, the second 'newspaper of record' in Spain (mainly in 2016) begins with two well-researched ...
143. Sachsman, David B; Myer Valenti, JoAnn (June 2022). Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism. Routledge. ISBN   978-1032336442. For this chapter, we analyzed the environmental information published by the newspaper of record in Spain, El País.
144. Enjuto-Rangel, Cecilia; Faber, Sebastiaan; García-Caro, Pedro; Newcomb, Robert Patrick (December 2019). Transatlantic Studies: Latin America, Iberia, and Africa. Liverpool University Press. p. 127. ISBN   978-1789620252. A few days later, a Spanish newspaper of record, El País, published an interview ...
145. "Immigrants outraged over Sweden's racial profiling". The Standard. 15 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013. Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's paper of record.
146. "Neue Zürcher Zeitung". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
147. Schiller-Merkens, Simone; Balsiger, Philip (October 2019). The Contested Moralities of Markets. Emerald Group Publishing. ISBN   978-1787691209. In addition, we consulted all 302 newspaper articles in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (the newspaper of record in the German-speaking part of Switzerland), and Le Temps (the newspaper of record in the German-speaking part of Switzerland), that covered...
148. The Quality of the Media, Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine , main findings, Research Department on Public Opinion and Society (FÖG) of the University of Zurich, 2012.
149. Katz, William A.; Katz, Linda Sternberg (1997). Magazines for Libraries For the General Reader and School, Junior College, College, University, and Public Libraries (9th ed.). Bowker. p. 185. Bangkok Post is the English-language newspaper of record in Thailand...
150. Lawler, John J.; Bae, Johngseok (April 1998). "Overt Employment Discrimination by Multinational Firms: Cultural and Economic Influences in a Developing Country" (PDF). Industrial Relations. 37 (2). Blackwell Publishers: 137. doi:10.1111/0019-8676.00079. S2CID   154396371 – via Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. The Bangkok Post was used because it is a newspaper of record in Thailand and the most widely read of the English-language dailies.
151. Ruiz, Todd (16 March 2022). "Bangkok Post trashed for broadcasting Russian ambassador's 'propaganda'". Coconuts Bangkok. Coconuts Media. Retrieved 19 February 2024. The newspaper of record's decision to uncritically broadcast a closed session with Russia's ambassador to Thailand yesterday has been met with anger and disbelief.
152. Hart, Bonnye (December 2013). WAI UNBALANCED? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE 2011 THAILAND GENERAL ELECTION IN THE BANGKOK POST NEWSPAPER (PDF) (M.A. Major in Mass Communication thesis). Texas State University.
153. Breiner, Laurence (November 2006). "Laureate of nowhere". Caribbean Review of Books . 10. Retrieved 10 May 2022. ..that although the Guardian is the nation's [Trinidad and Tobago] newspaper of record...
154. Beezley, William H. (September 2021). Latin America 2020-2022 (54th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 394. ISBN   978-1475856439. The [Trinidad and Togabo] Guardian, founded in 1917, is the country's newspaper of record.
155. "The UK's 'other paper of record'". BBC News . 19 January 2004. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
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157. "The New York Times". Encyclopædia Britannica . 8 May 2023. ... long the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the world's great newspapers.
158. Christopher, H. Sterling (2009). Encyclopedia of Journalism . Vol. 3. SAGE Publishing. p. 1020. ISBN   978-0761929574. The New York Times is widely recognised as the country's newspaper of record.
159. Doctor, Ken (12 March 2015). "On The Washington Post and the 'newspaper of record' epithet". Politico . Retrieved 8 May 2022.
160. Bohlen, Celestine (23 December 1996). "Vatican Newspaper of Record Best Read for What It Doesn't Record". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020.
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162. Eckson Mugari, Zvenyika (March 2020). Press Silence in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: News Whiteouts, Journalism and Power. Routledge. ISBN   978-0367252250.
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