The supposed Lady Macbeth effect or Macbeth effect is a priming effect in which feelings of shame appear to increase cleaning and cleanliness-seeking responses. [1] The effect is named after the Lady Macbeth character in the Shakespeare play Macbeth ; she imagined bloodstains on her hands after committing murder.
In one experiment, different groups of participants were asked to recall a good or bad past deed, after which they were asked to fill in the letters of three incomplete words: "W_ _H", "SH_ _ER" and "S_ _P". Those who had been asked to recall a bad deed were about 60% more likely to respond with cleansing-related words like "wash", "shower" and "soap" instead of alternatives such as "wish", "shaker" or "stop". [1]
In another experiment, experimenters were able to reduce choice-supportive bias by having subjects engage in forms of self-cleaning. [2]
The effect is apparently localized enough that those who had been asked to lie verbally preferred an oral cleaning product and those asked to lie in writing preferred a hand cleaning product over the other kind of cleanser and other control items. [3]
Other researchers have been unable to replicate the basic effect using larger samples. [4] [5] Replication difficulties have emerged for three out of four of Zhong and Liljenquist's original studies (i.e., Study 2, Study 3, and Study 4). [6] [ better source needed ] A meta-analysis of 15 studies examining the relationship between primes related to moral threat and cleansing preferences found a small effect, with no significant relationship evident across 11 studies conducted by researchers other than the original ones. [7]