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Pune, known as Poona until 1978, is the second-largest metropolitan city in the Indian State of Maharashtra and the eighth most populous city in India, with an estimated population of 7.4 million as of 2020. It has been ranked as "the most livable city in India" several times. Along with the municipal corporation limits of PCMC and the three cantonment towns of Camp, Khadki and Dehu Road, Pune forms the urban core of the eponymous Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR). According to the 2011 census the urban area had a combined population of 5.05 million whilst the population of the metropolitan region was estimated at 7.4 million. Situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river, Pune is also the administrative headquarters of its namesake district.
Education in India is primarily provided by public schools and private schools. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children aged 6 to 14. The approximate ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. Major policy initiatives in Indian education are numerous. Up until 1976, education policies and implementation were determined legally by each of India’s constitutional states. The 42nd amendment to the constitution in 1976 made education a ‘concurrent subject’. From this point on the central and state governments shared formal responsibility for funding and administration of education. In a country as large as India, now with 28 states and eight union territories, this means that the potential for variations between states in the policies, plans, programs and initiatives for elementary education is vast. Periodically, national policy frameworks are created to guide states in their creation of state-level programs and policies. State governments and local government bodies manage the majority of primary and upper primary schools and the number of government-managed elementary schools is growing. Simultaneously the number and proportion managed by private bodies is growing. In 2005-6 83.13% of schools offering elementary education were managed by government and 16.86% of schools were under private management. Of those schools managed privately, one third are ‘aided’ and two thirds are ‘unaided’. Enrolment in Grades 1-8 is shared between government and privately managed schools in the ratio 73:27. However in rural areas this ratio is higher (80:20) and in urban areas much lower (36:66).
Anantapur, officially Anantapuramu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Anantapuru mandal and also the divisional headquarters of Anantapur revenue division. The city is located on National Highway. It was also the headquarters of the Datta Mandalam in 1799. It was also a position of strategic importance for the British Indian Army during the Second World War.
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) is a public central university located in New Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on liberal arts and applied sciences.
Global Indian International School (GIIS) is an international school initially established in 2002, initiated and headquartered in Singapore. GIIS has presence in over 7 countries and 21 campuses which include those in Singapore, Malaysia, India, UAE, Thailand (Bangkok), Vietnam and Japan (Tokyo).
Hyderabad is an important seat of learning in southern India. The city hosts two central universities, three deemed universities, and six state universities. Osmania University is one of the oldest universities in India. Many institutes for education like University of Hyderabad, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, International Institute of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad and medical colleges like Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences are located there. Also based in the city are the Institute of Public Enterprise and the National Academy of Legal Studies & Research (NALSAR). Hyderabad has various research institutes such as the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. It is also the home of Maulana Azad National Urdu University as well as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University.
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Literacy in India is a key for socio-economic progress. Despite government programmes, India's literacy rate increased only "sluggishly". The 2011 census, indicated a 2001–2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. An old analytical 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress.
Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) is a National Centre of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India. The broad goals of the institute are to promote equity and excellence in science and mathematics education from primary school to undergraduate college level, and encourage the growth of scientific literacy in the country. To these ends it carries out a wide spectrum of inter-related activities, which may be viewed under three broad categories:
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) is a multi-campus public research university in Mumbai, India. It is Asia's oldest institute for professional social work education and was founded in 1936 in then Bombay Presidency of British India as the Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work by the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust. In 1944, the institute was officially renamed as the Tata Institute of Social Sciences and in 1964, the Government of India declared TISS as deemed university under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act (UGC), 1956.
Ryan International Schools are a group of private educational institutions in India founded in 1976 by Dr. Augustine Francis Pinto. The Ryan Group started its first school in Mumbai in 1976 and currently has 135+ schools located in India, along with international footprints in many countries. The school has presence in major locations of Maharashtra, Delhi-NCR and Karnataka.The group is in collaboration with universities in USA to facilitate learning across global boundaries.
Symbiosis International University(Private University), is a multi-campus private higher-education institute deemed university, headquartered in the city of Pune, India. The university has more than 30 academic institutions spread over various campuses in Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore, Nagpur, Nashik, Noida and covering fields of Law, Management, Computer Studies, Media and Communication, Humanities and Social Sciences, Engineering, Health Sciences and Architecture and Design.
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Nord Anglia Education, commonly referred to as Nord Anglia, is a provider of international schools. The head office is in Nova South, 160 Victoria Street, London.
The Vidya Sanskar International School for Holistic Learning, also known as Vidya Sanskar, is an international school located near the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India, giving education from Primary to A Level. The school is situated on ten acres in village Bhopani, Faridabad and is affiliated with CIE Cambridge International Examinations. Students take IGCSE Levels, AS Level, and A Level Examinations.
The Ministry of Education (MoE), formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development (1985–2020), is a Ministry of Government of India responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The Ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), formerly National Open School, is the board of education under the Union Government of India. It was established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India in 1989 to provide education to all segments of society under the motive to increase literacy and aimed forward for flexible learning. The NIOS is a national board that administers examinations for Secondary and Senior Secondary examinations similar to the CBSE and the CISCE. It also offers vocational courses after the high school.
Podar International School is a group of schools which is a part of the Podar Education Network that was established in 1927 by Sheth Anandilal Podar, with Mahatma Gandhi as the first President of the trust. The group is headquartered in Mumbai. It offers educational streams such as the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Secondary School Certificate (SSC), Cambridge (IGCSE) and International Baccalaureate (IB).
References
- ↑ "International curriculum for Lakshanika school soon". The Hindu . 27 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2014.