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Odisha, formerly Orissa, is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the eighth-largest state by area, and the eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. The region is also known as Utkaḷa and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana. The language of Odisha is Odia, which is one of the Classical languages of India.
Odia is an Indo-Aryan classical language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the official language in Odisha, where native speakers make up 82% of the population, and it is also spoken in parts of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Odia is one of the many official languages of India; it is the official language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand.
Kendujhar District, is an administrative district of Odisha. The district is one of the fifth Scheduled Areas of Odisha. The town of Kendujhar is the district headquarters. The district has three sub-divisions, Anandapur, Champua, and Kendujhar.
The history of Odisha begins in the Lower Paleolithic era, as Acheulian tools dating to the period have been discovered in various places in the region. The early history of Odisha can be traced back to writings found in ancient texts like the Mahabharata, Maha Govinda Sutta and some Puranas. The region was also known to other kingdoms in region of East Indies due to maritime trade relations.
Nabakrushna Choudhuri was an Indian politician and activist. He served as Chief Minister of the Indian state of Odisha. He was a freedom fighter who participated in the Non-cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience movement, and the Peasant movement.
Gopabandhu Das (1877–1928), popularly known as Utkalamani Gopabandhu Das, was a social worker, reformer, political activist, journalist, poet and essayist.
The Government of Odisha and its 30 districts consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Odisha, a judiciary, and a legislative branch.
Harekrushna Mahatab was the leader of the Indian National Congress, a notable figure in the Indian independence movement and the Chief Minister of Odisha from 1946 to 1950 and again from 1956 to 1961. He was popularly known by the sobriquet "Utkal Keshari".
Bishwanath Das named after birth as Biswanath Dash was a politician, lawyer and philanthropist from India. He was the prime minister of Odisha Province of British India 1937–39, the governor of Uttar Pradesh 1962–67 and later the chief minister of Odisha 1971–72.
The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. It was created by the Government of India Act 1919, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. It was also sometimes called the Indian Legislative Assembly and the Imperial Legislative Assembly. The Council of State was the upper house of the legislature for India.
Rao Bahadur Sir Annepu Parasuramdas PatroKCIE was an Indian politician, zamindar and education minister in the erstwhile Madras Presidency.
Khandayat, also spelled Khandait, is a cultivating caste, as well as a peasant militia or landed militia caste from Odisha, East India. Some of them had earlier served as feudal chiefs as well as zamindars apart from being land holders and agriculturalists. Numerically they are the largest caste of the state. During British raj, they ruled many tributary states in odisha including Khordha.
Madhusudan Das was an Indian lawyer and social reformer, who founded Utkal Sammilani in 1903 to campaign for the unification of Odisha along with its social and industrial development. He was one of the prominent figure, helping in the creation of Orissa Province, which was established on 1 April 1936. He was also the first graduate and advocate of Orissa. He is also known as Kulabruddha, Madhu Babu, and Utkal Gouraba. In Odisha, his birthday is celebrated as the Lawyers' Day on 28 April.
Balasore is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Balasore district, Odisha.
Talcher is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of the town Talcher in Angul district, Odisha.
Gopal or Gouda is an Indian caste, from Odisha State in East India. Their traditional occupations include dairy farming, cattle herding, cultivation and carrying palanquins of deities. They also worked as Paikas (soldiers) under the kings. Gopal is the name of the milkmen or herdsmen caste in Odisha, which is known by other names in various parts of India.
The behera is a popular Odia title, Anciently, Dala-Behera was an honorific title reserved for the leader of a group of soldiers.
Patra or Patara is a caste found in the Odisha State of India. They are a synonym of Kapudia community, both are same by culture and profession.Some of them are the sebak of Lord Jagannath. They are like Brahmin caste but not Brahmins.Traditionally they are petty traders inside and outside of the village. They trade in cotton and silk yarn, vermilion, and sacred threads meant for various rites and rituals. They are also required to supply these materials to the village deity and also to the Hindu caste people of the village on various ceremonial such as religious occasions.
Birakishore Das, popularly known as "Jatiya KabiBirakishore" was a poet, social activist and politician from Odisha. Best known for the editor of " Mo Desha" a monthly magazine.
References
- ↑ Mishra, D. P. (1998). People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-739-3.
- ↑ Kashyap, Anirban (1988). Communalism and Constitution. Lancers Books. ISBN 978-81-7095-007-3.
- ↑ Praharaj, Debendra Mohan (1988). Tribal Movements and Political History in India: A Case Study from Orissa, 1803-1949. Inter-India Publications. ISBN 978-81-210-0208-0.
- ↑ The Orissa Historical Research Journal. Superintendent of Research and Museum. 2011.
- ↑ Odisha (India) (October 1963). Orissa Gazette.
- ↑ The Feudatory and zemindari India. 1943.
- ↑ The Bihar & Orissa Gazette. 1921.
- ↑ Mohanty, Nivedita (2005). Oriya Nationalism: Quest for a United Orissa, 1866-1956. Prafulla. ISBN 978-81-901589-6-1.
- ↑ Parliament, India (February 1950). Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. Manager of Publications.