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| Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S. | |
|---|---|
| District of Prussia | |
| 1742–1945 | |
 Map from 1905 | |
| Capital | Kreuzburg O.S. (Kluczbork) |
| History | |
| History | |
• Established | 1742 |
• Disestablished | 1945 |
| Today part of | Poland |
Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S. was a Prussian district in Silesia, from 1742 to 1945, with its capital at Kreuzburg O.S. (Kluczbork). Today, the region is part of the Polish Opole Voivodeship.
In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms, the district of Kreuzburg in the Province of Silesia was initially assigned to Regierungsbezirk Breslau, but then on May 1, 1820, it was reclassified to Regierungsbezirk Oppeln. Since then, the district has been considered part of Upper Silesia. [1] The district capital was changed to Konstadt (Wołczyn), but was moved back to Kreuzburg on January 1, 1880. The spelling of the name of the city and the district fluctuated between Creutzburg, Creuzburg and Kreuzburg. The city and district name was officially set to Kreuzburg in Oberschlesien on September 23, 1881. Later, the abbreviation Kreuzburg OS was adopted.
On November 8, 1919, the Province of Silesia was divided into the Province of Lower Silesia (Regierungsbezirke Liegnitz and Breslau) and the Province of Upper Silesia (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln). The persecution of Poles intensified since 1937, and the local leader of the Union of Poles in Germany Paweł Widera was arrested in May 1939. [2] On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the Kreuzburg district became part of the newly formed Province of Upper Silesia. During World War II, it was the location of the Oflag VIII-A and Stalag Luft 7 prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, British, French, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, South African, Dutch and other Allied POWs, [3] [4] and the Ilag VIII/Z camp for interned citizens of the United Kingdom and the United States. The Red Army captured the district at the end of January 1945 and it was placed under Polish administration in March.
The district had a mixed population of Germans and Poles. According to religion, the majority of the district population was Protestant, along with sizable minorities of Catholics and Jews. The indigenous Polish population was subjected to Germanisation policies.
| 1905 | 1910 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| German | 20,641 | 41.4% | 24,363 | 46.9% |
| Polish / Bilingual / Other | 29,269 | 58.6% | 27,543 | 53.1% |
| Total | 49,910 | 51,906 | ||
In 1935/36, several parishes were renamed in the Kreuzburg OS district: [6] [7]
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A Regierungsbezirk means "governmental district" and is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of sixteen Bundesländer are split into Regierungsbezirke. Beneath these are rural and urban districts.
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The Province of Silesia was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919. The Silesia region was part of the Prussian realm since 1740 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the German Empire in 1871. In 1919, as part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, Silesia was divided into the provinces of Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia. Silesia was reunified briefly from 1 April 1938 to 27 January 1941 as a province of Nazi Germany before being divided back into Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia.
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The Province of Upper Silesia was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprised much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two government regions called Kattowitz (1939–1945), and Oppeln (1819–1945). The provincial capital was Oppeln (1919–1938) and Kattowitz (1941–1945), while other major towns included Beuthen, Gleiwitz, Hindenburg O.S., Neiße, Ratibor and Auschwitz, added in 1941. Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Lower Silesia as the Province of Silesia.
Stalag Luft 7 was a World War II Luftwaffe prisoner-of-war camp located in Morzyczyn, Pomerania, and Bankau, Silesia. It held British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, French, Polish, South African, American and other Allied airmen.
Lower Silesia is a historical and geographical region mostly located in Poland with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany. It is the western part of the region of Silesia.
Gogolin is a town in southern Poland, in Opole Voivodeship, in Krapkowice County. It has 6,682 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Gmina Gogolin.
Łambinowicepronounced['wambinɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Łambinowice. It lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Nysa and 31 km (19 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.
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Regierungsbezirk Oppeln was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, in the Prussian Province of Silesia, from 1813 to 1945, which covered the south-eastern part of Silesia.
The Falkenberg O.S. district was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia, which existed from 1743 to 1945. Its capital was the town of Falkenberg O.S. The territory of this district is now located within the Opole Voivodeship of Poland.
The Neustadt O.S. district was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia from 1743 to 1945. Its capital was the city of Neustadt (Prudnik). Its territory corresponded roughly to the present-day Prudnik County in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland.
The district of Friedeberg Nm., also called Friedeberger Kreis in the 19th century, was an administrative district from 1816 to 1945, located within the Province of Brandenburg of Prussia and Germany until 1938 and then to the Province of Pomerania. The district comprised the three towns of Driesen (Drezdenko), Friedeberg and Woldenberg (Dobiegniew). The district area is now in the Strzelce-Drezdenko County of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship.
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