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Holmes is an English-language surname with several origins.
Murray is both a Scottish and an Irish surname with two distinct respective etymologies. The Scottish version is a common variation of the word Moray, an anglicisation of the Medieval Gaelic word Muireb ; the b here was pronounced as v, hence the Latinization to Moravia. These names denote the district on the south shore of the Moray Firth, in Scotland. Murray is a direct transliteration of how Scottish people pronounce the word Moray. The Murray spelling is not used for the geographical area, which is Moray, but it became the commonest form of the surname, especially among Scottish emigrants, to the extent that the surname Murray is now much more common than the original surname Moray. See also Clan Murray.
The surname Foster is a variation of the name Forster, meaning one who 'works in the forest'. It may also derive from the French forcetier, meaning 'maker of scissors'.
The surname Collins has a variety of likely origins in Britain and Ireland:
- English and Scottish: A patronymic surname based on the English and Scottish name Colin, an English diminutive form of Nicholas.
- Norse: From the Old Norse personal name "Kollungr", a form of "koli" which in Old English became 'Cola', meaning swarthy or dark.
- Irish: The medieval surname was Ua Cuiléin, which has usually become Ó Coileáin today.
- Welsh: Collen; "hazel, hazel grove".
Allen is a Celtic surname, originating in Ireland, and common in Scotland, Wales and England. It is a variation of the surname MacAllen and may be derived from two separate sources: Ailin, in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, means both "little rock" and "harmony", or it may also be derived from the Celtic Aluinn, which means "handsome". Variant spellings include Alan, Allan, etc. The noble family of this surname, from which a branch went to Portugal, is descended of one Alanus de Buckenhall.
Carter is a family name, and also may be a given name. Carter is of Irish, Scottish and English origin and is an occupational name given to one who transports goods by cart or wagon ultimately of Celtic derivation. It may also appear as an English reduced form of the Irish and Scottish Gaelic derived McCarter or the Scottish-Gaelic Mac Artair with Mc meaning "son of." Its appearance and pronunciation as Carter may also be the Anglicized form of the Irish Mac Artúir, Cuirtéir, or Ó Cuirtéir. The name is related to the Gaelic word cairt meaning cart, and ultimately from the Latin carettarius. Additionally, in Gaelic, the word "cairtear", which means tourist or sojourner, is also related. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 1100s Roman Catholic English derived Carter's also arrived in Ireland and settled into walled towns established by the Normans. These Anglo-Normans assimilated into Irish culture, adopting Irish Gaelic customs, language, and religion unlike later English and Scottish Protestant planter settlers in Ireland who arrived between the 1550s and 1700 and mainly settled in Ulster during the plantation of Ulster, establishing the Ulster Protestant community.
The surname Jarrett is thought to be a variant of Garrett, from either of two Germanic personal names introduced to Britain by the Normans: Gerard, composed of the elements gar, ger 'spear', 'lance' + hard 'hardy', 'brave', 'strong'; and Gerald, composed of the elements gar, ger 'spear', 'lance' + wald 'rule'. Variants include Jarratt, Jarret and Jarrott.
Johnston is in most cases a habitational surname derived from several places in Scotland. Historically, the surname has been most common throughout Scotland and Ireland.
Austin is an English masculine given name, an Old French language contraction of Agustin as Aostin, Austin. Agustin is the popular form of Augustin, equivalent to Augustine. Variations of the name include Austen and Auston.
Jackson is a common surname of Scottish, Irish and English origin eventually becoming a common American surname also. In 1980, Jackson was the 24th most common surname in England and Wales. In the 1990 United States Census, Jackson was the thirteenth most frequently reported surname, accounting for 0.3% of the population.
Tyler is a given name that is gender-neutral but predominantly male, as well as a surname.
Martin may either be a given name or surname. In Scotland, Martin or McMartin is a common surname of Scottish Gaelic origin. Martin is, however, more common as a masculine given name in many languages and cultures. It comes from the Latin name Martinus, which is a late derived form of the name of the Roman god Mars, protective godhead of the Latins and, therefore, god of war. The meaning is usually rendered in reference to the god as "of Mars", or "of war/warlike" ("martial"). Alternatively, it may also be derived from the Proto-Germanic elements "mar", meaning famous and "tank", meaning thought, counsel.
Crawford is a surname and a given name of English and Scottish origins.
Peters is a patronymic surname of Low German, Dutch, and English origin. It can also be an English translation of Gaelic Mac Pheadair or an Americanized form of cognate surnames like Peeters or Pieters.
Perry is a unisex given name.
Phillips is a common patronymic surname of English and Welsh origin that derives from the given name Philip.
Driver is a surname of German origin, which referred to someone from the ancient Celtic tribe of Treveri who once inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle between France, Belgium and Germany. The name was originally Trever and has other variants such as Treviri, Triver, Trevor, or Trier. In England, it is an occupational surname meaning the driver of horses or oxen attached to a cart or plough, or of loose cattle. It is recorded since the thirteenth century.
References
- ↑ "Origin and Meaning of the Name Landon", Nickelodeon Parents Connect.
- ↑ "Popularity for Landon", BehindtheName.com.
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