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Californium is a synthetic chemical element;it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,by bombarding curium with alpha particles. It is an actinide element,the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized,and has the second-highest atomic mass of all elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the naked eye. The element was named after the university and the U.S. state of California.
Uranium is a chemical element;it has symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons,of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium radioactively decays,usually by emitting an alpha particle. The half-life of this decay varies between 159,200 and 4.5 billion years for different isotopes,making them useful for dating the age of the Earth. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 and uranium-235. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil,rock and water,and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Oak Ridge,Tennessee,United States. Founded in 1943,the laboratory is now sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by UT–Battelle,LLC.
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU),commonly known as Florida A&M,is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee,Florida. Founded in 1887,It is the third largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida,as well as one of the state's land grant universities,and is accredited to award baccalaureate,master's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Neutron transport is the study of the motions and interactions of neutrons with materials. Nuclear scientists and engineers often need to know where neutrons are in an apparatus,in what direction they are going,and how quickly they are moving. It is commonly used to determine the behavior of nuclear reactor cores and experimental or industrial neutron beams. Neutron transport is a type of radiative transport.
Neutron scattering,the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter,can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineering and the nuclear sciences. Regarding the experimental technique,understanding and manipulating neutron scattering is fundamental to the applications used in crystallography,physics,physical chemistry,biophysics,and materials research.
The Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor (OPAL) is a 20 megawatt (MW) swimming pool nuclear research reactor. Officially opened in April 2007,it replaced the High Flux Australian Reactor as Australia's only nuclear reactor,and is located at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Research Establishment in Lucas Heights,New South Wales,a suburb of Sydney. Both OPAL and its predecessor have been commonly known simply as the Lucas Heights reactor.
Castell Vaughn Bryant was the interim president of Florida A&M University between January 2005 and May 2007. She is the first woman to hold this position at the university.
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) is a nuclear research reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge,Tennessee,United States. Operating at 85 MW,HFIR is one of the highest flux reactor-based sources of neutrons for condensed matter physics research in the United States,and it has one of the highest steady-state neutron fluxes of any research reactor in the world. The thermal and cold neutrons produced by HFIR are used to study physics,chemistry,materials science,engineering,and biology. The intense neutron flux,constant power density,and constant-length fuel cycles are used by more than 500 researchers each year for neutron scattering research into the fundamental properties of condensed matter. HFIR has about 600 users each year for both scattering and in-core research.
Alvin Martin Weinberg was an American nuclear physicist who was the administrator of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during and after the Manhattan Project. He came to Oak Ridge,Tennessee,in 1945 and remained there until his death in 2006. He was the first to use the term "Faustian bargain" to describe nuclear energy.
The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) was an experimental molten salt reactor research reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This technology was researched through the 1960s,the reactor was constructed by 1964,it went critical in 1965,and was operated until 1969. The costs of a cleanup project were estimated at $130 million.
James H. Ammons is an American educator,who is the Chancellor of Southern University at New Orleans. He served as president of Florida A&M University (FAMU) from July 2,2007,until his resignation took effect on July 16,2012. He is a native Floridian who grew up in the heart of Florida's citrus belt. He graduated from Winter Haven High School in 1970 and entered Florida A&M University on the Thirteen College Curriculum Program during the fall semester of 1970. Ammons was appointed Chancellor at Southern University in New Orleans January 8,2021.
The Oregon State University Radiation Center (OSURC) is a research facility that houses a nuclear reactor at Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis,Oregon,United States. The Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) serves the research needs of the OSU nuclear engineering department along with other departments.
The MIT Nuclear Research Reactor (MITR) serves the research purposes of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is a tank-type 6 megawatt reactor that is moderated and cooled by light water and uses heavy water as a reflector. It is the second largest university-based research reactor in the U.S. and has been in operation since 1958. It is the fourth-oldest operating reactor in the country.
The liquid fluoride thorium reactor is a type of molten salt reactor. LFTRs use the thorium fuel cycle with a fluoride-based molten (liquid) salt for fuel. In a typical design,the liquid is pumped between a critical core and an external heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to a nonradioactive secondary salt. The secondary salt then transfers its heat to a steam turbine or closed-cycle gas turbine.
The Washington State University Reactor (WSUR) is housed in the Dodgen Research Facility,and was completed in 1961. The (then) Washington State College Reactor was the brainchild of Harold W. Dodgen,a former researcher on the Manhattan Project where he earned his PhD from 1943 to 1946. He secured funding for the ambitious 'Reactor Project' from the National Science Foundation,the Atomic Energy Commission,and the College administration totaling $479,000. Dodgen's basis for constructing a reactor was that the College was primely located as a training facility for the Hanford site,as well as Idaho National Laboratory because there was no other research reactor in the West at that time. After completing the extensive application and design process with the help of contractors from General Electric they broke ground in August 1957 and the first criticality was achieved on March 7,1961 at a power level of 1W. They gradually increased power over the next year to achieve their maximum licensed operating power of 100 kW.
John D. Petersen is an American chemist and educator who was president of the University of Tennessee system.
Nelson Elijah Townsend was an American college athletics administrator. Townsend served seven tenures as athletic director at four different universities:the University of Maryland Eastern Shore,Delaware State University (1979–1986),Florida A&M University and the University at Buffalo (1987–1998). He was the University at Buffalo's first African American athletic director. At both Delaware State and Buffalo,Townsend was responsible for leading the athletic department to achieve full NCAA Division I status,as both schools transitioned from lower levels of NCAA hierarchy. Townsend was inducted to the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Hall of Fame in 1995 and was inducted to both the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Halls of Fame in 2012.
Florida Agriculture &Mechanical Hospital (1911-1971) was the first institution in Florida providing medical care to African Americans,who,during the segregation period,were not permitted to receive care at whites-only hospitals. There was no other such institution within 150 miles (240 km) of Tallahassee. In 1940,"less than a dozen" counties in Florida had hospital facilities for Negroes.
Stephen E. Nagler is a Canadian condensed matter and materials science physicist. Nagler is the Corporate Research Fellow of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Director of the laboratory's Quantum Condensed Matter Division. He is an adjunct professor with the Department of Physics at the University of Tennessee.
References
- 1 2 3 "Office of the President". president.famu.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
- ↑ "Board of Trustees Appoints Provost Robinson as Interim President". Florida A&M University. July 16, 2012.
- ↑ "NOAA Leadership: Dr. Larry Robinson". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ↑ "About the Interim President". Florida A&M University. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
- ↑ Blackburn, Doug (July 17, 2012). "Robinson takes over at FAMU". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee.com.
- ↑ "Larry Robinson becomes interim president at FAMU after James Ammons' resignation". WSTP 10 News. Tampa Bay, Florida. July 16, 2012. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
- ↑ "Larry Robinson". Environmental Sciences Institute, Florida A&M University. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
- 1 2 "President Zachary Taylor and the Laboratory: Presidential Visit from the Grave". ORNL Review. 1993. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02.
- ↑ "Scientists Conduct Tests in Reactor on Remains of Zachary Taylor". Los Angeles Times. June 23, 1991.
- ↑ "Arsenic and Zachary Taylor". Analytical Chemistry. 63 (18): 871A. September 1991. doi:10.1021/ac00018a712.