Cohabitation is a system of divided government that occurs in semi-presidential systems,such as France,whenever the president is from a different political party than the majority of the members of parliament. It occurs because such a system forces the president to name a premier who will be acceptable to the majority party within parliament. Thus,cohabitation occurs because of the duality of the executive:an independently elected president and a prime minister who must be acceptable both to the president and to the legislature.
Pierre Moscovici is a French politician who served as the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs,Taxation and Customs from 2014 to 2019. He previously served as Minister of Finance from 2012 to 2014 and as Minister for European Affairs between 1997 and 2002.
Jean-Louis Bourlanges is a French politician who has represented the 12th constituency of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the National Assembly since 2017. A member of the Democratic Movement (MoDem),he has presided over the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the National Assembly since 2021.
Stéphane Le Foll is a French politician serving as Mayor of Le Mans since 2018. A member of the Socialist Party,he was Minister of Agriculture under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2017.
Gilles Savary is a French politician who served as Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France.
AndréVallini is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as a member of the Senate since 2017.
Patrick Bloche is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 1997 to 2017. In parliament,he was part of the SRC parliamentary group.
Nathalie Geneviève Marie Kosciusko-Morizet,often referred to by her initials NKM,is an engineer and former politician.
Catherine Vautrin is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of Labour,Health and Solidarity in Prime Minister Gabriel Attal's government since 2024. A former member of the Republicans (LR),she served as a member of the National Assembly of France,representing the Marne department.
George Pau-Langevin is a French lawyer and politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS). Close to Bertrand Delanoë,she was deputy for the 21st constituency of Paris from 2007 to 2012,then re-elected in the 15th constituency,which took over roughly the same territory in Paris,in 2012. She was the Minister Delegate for Educational Success in the governments of Jean-Marc Ayrault from 2012 to 2014,then was appointed Minister of Overseas Territories in 2014 in the governments of Manuel Valls. Resigning in 2016,she regained her seat as a deputy and was re-elected the following year. She left the National Assembly in November 2020,following her appointment as Deputy Defender of Rights.
Guillaume Garot is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who has served as a member of the National Assembly from 2007 until 2012 and since 2014,representing the Mayenne department. From 2012 until 2014,he was Junior Minister for the Food Industry under minister Stéphane Le Foll in the government of Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.
Sylvia Pinel is a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 2016 to 2022,representing the 2nd constituency in the Tarn-et-Garonne department. Since 3 September 2016,she has been the leader of the moderate and social-liberal centre-left Radical Party of the Left.
Iliana Malinova Iotova is a Bulgarian politician who has been serving as Vice President of Bulgaria since 2017. She was the running mate of Rumen Radev,who defeated GERB nominee Tsetska Tsacheva in the second round of the 2016 presidential election. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 until her resignation on 16 January 2017. She speaks Bulgarian,French and English.
Anne-Laurence Petel is a French politician of Renaissance (RE) who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly since the 2017 elections,representing the 14th district of Bouches-du-Rhône,which includes Aix-en-Provence.
Laurence Maillart-Méhaignerie is a French politician of Renaissance (RE) who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly since 2017,representing Ille-et-Vilaine's 2nd constituency.
Sophie Errante is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2012 elections,representing the department of Loire-Atlantique,first as a socialist,and then from the 2017 elections,as an LREM member.
Isabelle Rauch is a French politician of Horizons (Ensemble) who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2017 elections,representing the ninth constituency of the department of Moselle.
Geoffroy Didier is a French lawyer and politician of the Republicans who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2017.
Agnès Evren is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019.
Virginie Duby-Muller is a French politician of The Republicans (LR) who has been a member of the National Assembly since the 2012 elections,representing Haute-Savoie's 4th constituency. Within her party,she has been serving as deputy chairwoman since 2019,under the leadership of chairman Christian Jacob.
