The Netherlands is a parliamentary representative democracy. A constitutional monarchy,the country is organised as a decentralised unitary state. The Netherlands can be described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues,within both of the political community and society as a whole.
Geert Wilders is a Dutch politician who has led the right-wing to far-right Party for Freedom (PVV) since he founded it in 2006. He is also the party's leader in the House of Representatives,having held a parliamentary seat since 1998. In the 2010 formation of the first Rutte cabinet,a minority government of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) –which he left in 2004 –and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA),Wilders actively participated in the negotiations,resulting in a "tolerance agreement" between the PVV and these parties. He withdrew his party's parliamentary support in 2012,citing disagreements with the cabinet over proposed budget cuts. Wilders is best known for his right-wing populism,anti-immigration,opposition to Islam and Euroscepticism,and for his relations with Russia. His views have made him a controversial figure in the Netherlands and abroad. Since 2004,he has been protected at all times by armed police.
Marie-Fleur Agema is a Dutch politician and former spatial designer,serving as First Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of Health,Welfare and Sport in the Schoof cabinet since 2024. Agema previously served as a member of the House of Representatives for the far right Party for Freedom between 30 November 2006 and 2 July 2024.
The first Rutte cabinet,also called the Rutte–Verhagen cabinet was the executive branch of the government of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had a minority in the House of Representatives but had confidence and supply from the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a slim majority with Liberal Leader Mark Rutte serving as Prime Minister. Christian Democratic Leader Maxime Verhagen served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs,Agriculture and Innovation.
The Party for Freedom is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. In the 2023 general election,it became the largest party in the House of Representatives.
Joram Jaron van Klaveren is a Dutch politician. As a member of the Party for Freedom he was an MP from 17 June 2010 until 21 March 2014. He subsequently was an independent until his term in office ended on 23 March 2017. He focused on matters of desegregation,employment-to-population ratio,egalitarianism and emancipation. From 24 March 2011 until 11 June 2014,he also was a member of the States-Provincial of Flevoland. He became well-known for anti-Muslim comments. In October 2018,he converted to Islam halfway through writing an anti-Islam book. After becoming a Muslim,he decided to rededicate his book to his search for religiosity and the subsequent conversion to Islam. His book titled Apostate:From Christianity to Islam in Times of Secularisation and Terror was published in both Dutch and English.
Rudolf Aleida "Roland" van Vliet is a Dutch independent politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives between 17 June 2010 and 23 March 2017. A member of the Party for Freedom (PVV) until he left it on 20 March 2014,he became a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) on 1 June 2015 but remained an independent member of the House because of procedures that prohibits party switching during an incumbent legislative session. Unofficially,he caucused with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy on voting.
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 September 2012 after Prime Minister Mark Rutte handed in his government's resignation to Queen Beatrix on 23 April. The 150 seats of the House of Representatives were contested using party-list proportional representation. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) received a plurality of the votes,followed by the Labour Party (PvdA).
Auke Zijlstra is a Dutch politician. He has been a member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Party for Freedom (PVV) since July 2024. He previously served on the body from 13 September 2011 to 1 July 2014 and once more from 7 September 2015 until 2 July 2019.
Patricia van der Kammen is a Dutch politician. She served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Party for Freedom from 27 September 2012 to 1 July 2014. She also is a member of the States of North Brabant since 10 March 2011.
Gabriëlle Popken is a Dutch former politician for the Party for Freedom. She served in the Senate between 2011 and 2017 and subsequently in the House of Representatives between 2017 and 2020.
M.J.R.L. "Marcel" de Graaff is a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Senate of the Netherlands for the Party for Freedom (PVV) from 2011 to 2014. He served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Netherlands in the periods 2014–2019 and 2020–2024. He was co-president of the Europe of Nations and Freedom,and he switched party affiliation to Forum for Democracy in his second term.
VoorNederland was a Dutch political party. It was previously active in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands as the Group Bontes/Van Klaveren,a parliamentary group founded in April 2014. The parliamentary group was succeeded by a political party in May 2014. After failing to garner win a single seat in the 2017 general election,the party disbanded.
Vicky Maeijer is a Dutch politician representing the Party for Freedom (PVV). She has served as State Secretary for Long-term and Social Care in the Schoof cabinet since July 2024. Previously,she was a Member of the European Parliament for the Netherlands from 2014 to 2017 and a member of the House of Representatives from 2017 to 2024.
Gideon "Gidi" Markuszower is an Israeli–Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV). He became a member of the Netherlands Senate on 9 June 2015. In the 2017 Dutch general election he was elected to the House of Representatives,and gave up his Senate seat. He was fourth on the Party for Freedom list in the 2023 Dutch general election,and therefore continued his term as a member of the House of Representatives.
Christiaan Anton Jansen is a Dutch politician for the right-wing populist Party for Freedom (PVV). He has been serving as State Secretary for Public Transport and the Environment since July 2024,and he previously was a member of the House of Representatives between November 2019 and March 2021.
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2023 to elect the members of the House of Representatives. The elections had been expected to be held in 2025 but a snap election was called after the fourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023 due to immigration policy disagreements between the coalition parties. The incumbent Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced that he would not lead his party into the election and that he would retire from politics.
