Legislation
Legislation [1] includes laws and decrees. [2]
Laws
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The Romanian judicial system experienced a major overhaul in the early 2010s, with the introduction of four new codes: the Civil Code (2011), the Civil Procedure Code (2013) and the Penal and Penal Procedure Codes (2014).
The basic law of Romania is the Constitution, which was adopted in December 1991 and revised in October 2003.
Legislation [1] includes laws and decrees. [2]
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There is a Constitutional Court of Romania and a High Court of Cassation and Justice.
There is a National Union of Bar Associations of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Națională a Barourilor din România [6] – UNBR) and a Bar Council. [7] There was a Lawyers Union. [8]
Criminal law in Romania is centered on the Penal Code of Romania, which came into force on 1 February 2014.
The current Civil Code of Romania came into force on 1 October 2011, replacing the old Civil Code of 1864, the Commercial Code of 1887 and the Family Code of 1953. The previous civil code came into force on 1 December 1865, and was amended numerous times over the years. It was re-published, in its amended form, in 1993 under the title Codul Civil. [9]
For civil procedure, see the Civil procedure code of Romania.
The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French, is the French civil code established during the French Consulate period in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.
Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population.
French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law, also known as judicial law, and public law.
The Law of Portugal is the legal system that applies to Portugal. It is part of the family of the civil law legal systems, based on Roman law. As such, it has many common features with the legal systems found in most of the countries in Continental Europe.
The law of Gibraltar is a combination of common law and statute, and is based heavily upon English law.
The law of Finland is based on the civil law tradition, consisting mostly of statutory law promulgated by the Parliament of Finland. The constitution of Finland, originally approved in 1919 and rewritten in 2000, has supreme authority and sets the most important procedures for enacting and applying legislation. As in civil law systems in general, judicial decisions are not generally authoritative and there is little judge-made law. Supreme Court decisions can be cited, but they are not actually binding.
The law of Albania is civil law.
The law of Italy is the system of law across the Italian Republic. The Italian legal system has a plurality of sources of production. These are arranged in a hierarchical scale, under which the rule of a lower source cannot conflict with the rule of an upper source.
The law of Luxembourg is civil law. From the Tenth Century to the Fifteenth Century the law of the Grand Duchy was customary law.
The law of Malta incorporates continental law, common law and local traditions, such as Code de Rohan. A municipal code was enacted in 1784 and replaced in 1813. Maltese law has evolved over the centuries and reflected the rule of the context of the time. At present Malta has a mixed-system codification, influenced by Roman law, French law-Napoleonic Code, British law-Common Law, European Union law, international law, and customary law established through local customs
The law of the Slovak Republic is civil law.
The Penal Code of Romania is a document providing the legal basis regarding criminal law in Romania. The Code contains 446 articles. The articles mention aspects such as the national boundaries of law and the crimes that fall under the incidence of penal law. Judicial discretion is granted by the Code through the use of minimum and maximum sentences. The most recent version of the Romanian Penal Code has come into effect on 1 February 2014.
Insolvency law of Russia mainly includes Federal Law No. 127-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" and Federal Law No. 40-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy) of Credit Institutions".
The Civil Code of Romania is the basic source of civil law in Romania. It was adopted by Parliament on 17 July 2009 and came into force on 1 October 2011. It replaced the Civil Code of 1865 as well as the Commercial Code of 1887 and the Family Code of 1954.
The Italian law codes constitute the codified law of Italy.
The Republic of Honduras has had a considerable number of constitutional codes through its history.
The law of Andorra includes customary law and legislation.
The law of Bolivia includes a constitution and a number of codes.
The law of Peru includes a constitution and legislation. The law of Perú is part of the Roman-Germanic tradition that concedes the utmost importance to the written law, therefore, statutes known as leyes are the primary source of the law.
The law of Hungary is civil law. It was first codified during the socialist period.
