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The Five Pillars of Islam are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name. They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able.
In Islam, duʿāʾ is a prayer of invocation, supplication or request, asking help or assistance from God.
Eid al-Fitr is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated by Muslims worldwide because it marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-sunset fasting of Ramadan. Eid al-Fitr falls on the first day of Shawwal in the Islamic calendar; this does not always fall on the same Gregorian day, as the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on when the new moon is sighted by local religious authorities. The holiday is known under various other names in different languages and countries around the world. The day is also called "Lesser Eid", or simply Eid.
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.
The Night of Power, is, in Islamic belief, the night when Muslims believe the Quran was first sent down from heaven to the world and also the night when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad; it is described as better than a thousand months of worshipping. According to various hadiths, its exact date is uncertain but it was one of the odd-numbered nights of the last ten days of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Since that time, Muslims have regarded the last ten nights of Ramadan as being especially blessed. Muslims believe that the Night of Qadr comes again every year, with blessings and mercy of God in abundance.
In Islam, Friday prayer, or Congregational prayer, is a special community prayer service held once a week instead of the afternoon Zuhr prayer in Salah the daily prayer ritual and one of the Five Pillars of Islam. All Muslim men are expected to participate at a mosque with certain exceptions due to distance and situation. Women and children can also participate but do not fall under the same obligation that men do. The service consists of several parts including ritual washing, chants, recitation of scripture and prayer, and sermons.
Al-Qadr is the 97th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 5 āyāt or verses. It is a Meccan surah which celebrates the night when the first revelation of what would become the Qur'an was sent down. The chapter has been so designated after the word al-qadr in the first verse. It is mainly about power.
In Islam, fasting is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, sexual activity and anything which substitutes food and drink. During the holy month of Ramadan, sawm is observed between dawn and sunset when the adhan of the Maghrib prayer is sounded. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.
There are two official holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The timing of both holidays are set by the lunar Islamic calendar, which is based upon the cycle of the moon, and so is different from the more common, European, solar-based Gregorian calendar. Every year, the Gregorian dates of the Islamic holidays change.
Mid-Sha'ban is a Muslim holiday observed by Shia and Sunni Muslim communities on the eve of 15th of Sha'ban — the same night as Shab-e-barat or Laylat al-Bara’ah.
Eid prayers, also referred to as Salat al-Eid, are holy holiday prayers in the Islamic tradition. The literal translation of the word "Eid" in Arabic is "festival" or "feast" and is a time when Muslims congregate with family and the larger Muslim community to celebrate.
Jumu'atul-Wida is the last Friday in the month of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr. This is a holy day for Muslims.
A Sunnah prayer is an optional or supererogatory salah that can be performed in addition to the five daily salah, which are compulsory for all Muslims. Sunnah prayer have different characteristics: some are done at the same time as the five daily compulsory prayers, some are done only at certain times, or only for specific occasions ; some have their own name and some are identified by how they are performed. The length of Sunnah prayer also varies.
The Day of Arafah is an Islamic holiday that falls on the 9th day of Dhu al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic Calendar. It is the second day of the Hajj pilgrimage and is followed by the holiday of Eid al-Adha. At dawn of this day, Muslim pilgrims will make their way from Mina to a nearby hillside and plain called Mount Arafat and the Plain of Arafat. It was from this site that the Islamic prophet Muhammad gave one of his last sermons in the final year of his life. Some Muslims hold that part of the Quranic verse announcing that the religion of Islam had been perfected was revealed on this day.
Shab-e-Barat, Cheragh-e-Barat, Berat Kandili, or Nisfu Syaaban is a Mid-Sha'ban related cultural celebration celebrated in many South Asian, Central Asian, South East Asian and Middle Eastern Muslim countries, on the 15th night of the month of Sha'ban, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
Istighfar is the act of seeking forgiveness of God in Islam. This is usually done by saying "I seek the forgiveness of God", or the longer version "I seek the forgiveness of God, my Lord, and turn to him ". It is considered one of the essential parts of worship in Islam.
Salah, also known as namaz, is a form of worship performed by Muslims. Facing the direction of prayer also known as Qibla, it is performed standing, bowing, and sitting and prostrating in various stages, during which phrases from the Quran and phrases which are thought by Prophet Muhammadﷺ are typically recited.
Jawshan Kabeer is a long Islamic prayer that contains 1001 names and attributes of God, and is widely used in many Shia Muslim traditions, especially in Turkey. Jawshan means "steel plate" or "mail" and thus the name of the prayer refers to Muhammad's heavy armor in battle. According to Shia Muslims, God taught the prayer to him as a protection from injuries in war, instead of hard armor.
Laylat al-Raghaib is a night of prayer in Islamic practice, classed in Turkish tradition as one of the five blessed Kandil nights. Observance of this night differs among Muslims in the world. It is mostly practiced by Muslims influenced by Sufism, such as Muslims in Turkey and Muslim Balkan communities today, and Shia Muslims, while Sunnis in the Arab world pays little attention, and Salafis dismiss it entirely. Views on the permissibility of observing it also differ among Muslim scholars, and have been the subject of repeated debates over the past millennium. The practice has variously been rejected as bid'ah by the four major Sunni Madhhab, Shafi’i, Hanbali, Hanafi, and Maliki jurists, or defended as bid'ah hasanah.
References
- ↑ "Hadith about the Night and Day of Eid-ul-Fitr". 3 June 2019.
- ↑ "Night before EID (Laylatul Jaa'izah)".
- ↑ "Night before Eid al-Fitr or 'Laylatul Jaiza': Best practices, prayers for 'night of reward'". International Business Times . 13 June 2018.
- ↑ Khan, Sami (13 June 2018). "Night before Eid al-Fitr or 'Laylatul Jaiza': Best practices, prayers for 'night of reward'". International Business Times .
- ↑ "Shawwal: What to Do On Eid Night, Eid Day, and During the Month - MuslimMatters.org". muslimmatters.org. 7 August 2013.
- ↑ "Virtue of the Night of Eid-ul-Fitr".
- ↑ Zia-e-Taiba, I.T Department of. "zaietaiba -". www.ziaetaiba.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
- "Hadith about the Night and Day of Eid-ul-Fitr | Muslim Hands UK". 3 June 2019.
- "Night before EID (Laylatul Jaa'izah) – Ummah.co" . Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- "Night before Eid al-Fitr or 'Laylatul Jaiza': Best practices, prayers for 'night of reward' - IBTimes India". International Business Times . 13 June 2018.
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