Lazzaro Mocenigo | |
|---|---|
 Bust of Mocenigo by Luigi Borro (1874-1875) | |
| Born | 9 July 1624 Venice, Republic of Venice |
| Died | 17 July 1657 (aged 33) Dardanelles, Ottoman Empire |
| Allegiance |  Republic of Venice |
| Service/ | Venetian Navy |
| Rank | Captain General of the Sea |
| Battles/wars | Battles of the Dardanelles during the Cretan War |
Lazzaro Mocenigo (9 July 1624 - 17 July 1657) was a Venetian nobleman who distinguished himself as an admiral during the Cretan War against the Ottoman Empire.
Born in Venice (San Stae), he was the second of four sons of Giovanni di Antonio and Elena di Antonmaria Bernardo, widow of Giorgio Contarini. [1] Mocenigo dedicated his life to the craft of arms, lived on the sea to counter Turkish power, and not without moments of heroism: for example in 1650 in Nixia when, although wounded by an arrow in his left arm and mutilated of a finger by a musket shot, he continued to fight fiercely. [2] [1] [3]
The outbreak of the war against the Turks, in 1645, allowed him to make a career for himself. By 1650 he was galley captain ( sopracomito ), and already in 1654 he was captain of a galeass in the first Venetian expedition against the Dardanelles. [1]
When the admiral died and his deputy was recalled to his homeland, he found himself in command of the entire fleet (although officially under the command of the provveditore Francesco Morosini, engaged in the defense of the fortress of Candia in Crete). On 21 June 1655 he defeated the Ottoman fleet before the Dardanelles, while in 1656 he again distinguished himself in an attempt of assisting Crete. During this battle, he lost one eye, but continued to fight fiercely. [1] [2] [4] He was nicknamed Kor Kaptan ("One-eyed Captain") by the Turks. [1] [5]
He then participated in the Fourth Battle of the Dardanelles in 1657. A cannon shot from a Turkish coastal battery caused a mast to fall which hit him, killing him. [4] [1]
He was one of the few Venetian naval officers to have participated, albeit to varying degrees, in all expeditions to the Dardanelles. His death proved fatal for the fate of the anti-Ottoman alliance. With his death the battle was lost, the Venetian blockade broken, causing a rift among Venice, Malta and the Papal States, while giving the Turks time to prepare a successful counter-offensive. [2] [4]
The Battle of Focchies was a significant naval engagement that took place on 12 May 1649, in the harbour of Focchies, Smyrna between a Venetian force of nineteen warships under the command of Giacomo da Riva, and an Ottoman force of eleven warships, ten galleasses, and seventy-two galleys, with the battle resulting in a crushing victory for the Venetian fleet. The battle was an episode in the Cretan War from 1645 to 1669 between the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire over dominance of various territories in the Mediterranean Sea. The war was one in a series of wars between the two warring powers, which contested for control of the Adriatic and Mediterranean trade routes. The primary territory that was contested during the war was Crete, the largest and most profitable of the overseas holdings of the Venetian Republic. The battle came after a squadron of Venetian ships under the command of Giacomo da Riva, a Venetian admiral, came to the rescue of the blockading Venetian force in the Dardanelles Straits, after the blockade had run into unexpected weather conditions and many ships sunk as a result.
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