Type | Daily newspaper |
---|---|
Owner(s) | Kataeb Party |
Founder(s) | Amine Gemayel |
Founded | 1977 |
Political alignment | Right-wing political stance |
Language | French |
Ceased publication | 2000s |
Headquarters | Beirut |
Country | Lebanon |
Sister newspapers | Al Amal |
Le Reveil was a French language daily newspaper which was headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] The paper was launched by Amine Gemayel in 1977 [2] [3] and published the French translations of the news covered in Al Amal , an official organ of the Kataeb Party. [1] Amine Gemayel employed Le Reveil to support his political views. [4]
One of the editors-in-chief was Jean Shami. [3] Antoine Basbous was one of the reporters of the paper in Paris. [5]
In October 1985 it was closed down by Elie Hobeika, a commander of Lebanese Forces during the civil war and the presidency of Amine Gemayel. [1] [6] Hobeika had attempted to shut down Al Amal, but he did not manage to stop its publication. [1] Although Le Reveil has not been published since then, the license of the paper still belongs to the Kataeb Party. [7]
The Kataeb Party - Lebanese Social Democratic Party, also known in English as the Phalanges, is a Christian political party in Lebanon. The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s, the party slowly re-emerged in the early 2000s and is currently part of the Lebanese opposition. The party currently holds 4 out of the 128 seats in the Lebanese Parliament.
Elie Hobeika was a Lebanese militia commander in the Lebanese Forces militia during the Lebanese Civil War and one of Bashir Gemayel's close confidants. After the murder of Gemayel, he gained notoriety for his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre. He became president of the Lebanese Forces political party until he was ousted in 1986. He then founded the Promise Party and was elected to serve two terms in the Parliament of Lebanon. In January 2002, he was assassinated by a car bomb at his house in Beirut, shortly before he was to testify about the Sabra and Shatila massacre in a Belgian court.
The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities and an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon.
Amine Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: أمين بيار الجميٌل French pronunciation: [aˈmin ʒəmaˈjɛl]; is a Lebanese Maronite politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988.
Samir Farid Geagea is a Lebanese politician and militia commander who has been leading the Lebanese Forces party and dissolved militia since 1986.
Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, was a Lebanese political leader. A Maronite Catholic, he is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party, as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the presidency of the republic in his lifetime.
The Lebanese Forces is a Lebanese Christian-based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War. It currently holds 19 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament and is therefore the largest party in parliament.
Karim Pakradouni is a Lebanese attorney and politician of Armenian origin. He was influential in Kataeb Party, heading it for some period. He was also influential in the Lebanese Forces in various critical phases of the LF. He was also minister of state in Rafic Hariri's government in 2004.
Pierre Amine Gemayel was a Lebanese politician in the Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party in English.
William Amine Hawi was a Lebanese commander of the Kataeb Party better known in English as the Phalange, a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon.
Bachir Pierre Gemayel was a Lebanese militia commander who led the Lebanese Forces, the military wing of the Kataeb Party in the Lebanese Civil War and was elected President of Lebanon in 1982.
The Tyous Team of Commandos – TTC or simply Tyous for short, was a small far-right Christian militia which fought in the 1975-78 phase of the Lebanese Civil War.
The Kataeb Regulatory Forces – KRF (Arabic: قوى الكتائب النظامية, romanized: Quwwāt al-Katāʾib an-Niẓāmiyyah) or Forces Regulatoires des Kataeb (FRK) in French, were the military wing of the right-wing Lebanese Christian Kataeb Party, otherwise known as the 'Phalange', from 1961 to 1977. The Kataeb militia, which fought in the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, was the predecessor of the Lebanese Forces.
The Lebanese Forces was one of the main Christian factions of the Lebanese Civil War. Originally an umbrella organization for different Christian parties, the Lebanese Forces later became a separate organization. It was mainly staffed by Maronite Christians.
On January 15, 1986, forces loyal to Lebanese president Amine Gemayel and Samir Geagea, intelligence chief of the Lebanese Forces (LF), ousted Elie Hobeika from his position as leader of the LF and replaced him with Geagea. The coup came in response to Hobeika's signing of the Syrian-sponsored Tripartite Accord that aimed to put an end to the Lebanese Civil War.
Michel Samaha is a former minister of information and minister of tourism in Lebanon, and a longtime politician and intelligence operative. Samaha is known for his long and close relationship with the Syrian government, and was one of several Lebanese officials sanctioned by the United States in 2007 for allegedly "contributing to political and economic instability in Lebanon." In December 2012 Samaha was listed by the United States as a global terrorist under section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224. Arrested and imprisoned in August, 2012, Samaha was convicted in May 2015 of transporting explosives into Lebanon with the help of Jamil El-Sayyed, a member of the Lebanese parliament, and sentenced to four and a half years in jail. He was released on bail in January 2016. Samaha was sentenced again to 13 years with hard labour in April 2016 for attempting to carry out terrorist acts. In August 2022, he was finally released from jail after 10 years of prison.
Al Amal is a long-running Arabic Lebanese newspaper affiliated with the Kataeb Party. It is published in Arabic and in French on a weekly basis in Beirut, Lebanon.
Joseph Abu Khalil (1925–2019) was a Lebanese politician from the Kataeb Party. He served in various posts in the party and edited its official newspaper, Al Amal, for a long time.
An indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon on September 21, 1982, resulting in Kataeb politician Amine Gemayel being elected President of the Lebanese Republic.